J/AJ/165/248ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/248doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51650248CDSGould K.M.L.Brammer G.Valentino F.Whitaker K.E.Weaver J.R.,del Lagos C. PRizzo F.Franco M.Hsieh B.-C.Ilbert O.Jin S.,Magdis G.McCracken H. JMobasher B.Shuntov M.Steinhardt C.L.,Strait V.Toft S.2025-05-19T20:08:55Z2023-10-27T06:46:09ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesstar-forming-regionsredshiftedinfrared-astronomyWe select and characterize a sample of massive (log(M*/M{sun})>10.6) quiescent galaxies (QGs) at 3<z<5 in the latest Cosmological Evolution Survey catalog (COSMOS2020). QGs are selected using a new rest-frame color-selection method, based on their probability of belonging to the quiescent group defined by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) trained on rest-frame colors (NUV-U, U-V, V J) of similarly massive galaxies at 2<z<3. We calculate the quiescent probability threshold above which a galaxy is classified as quiescent using simulated galaxies from the shark semi-analytical model. We find that, at z>=3 in shark, the GMM/NUVU-VJ method outperforms classical rest-frame UVJ selection and is a viable alternative. We select galaxies as quiescent based on their probability in COSMOS2020 at 3<z<5, and compare the selected sample to both UVJ- and NUVrJ-selected samples. We find that, although the new selection matches UVJ and NUVrJ in number, the overlap between color selections is only ~50%-80%, implying that rest-frame color commonly used at lower-redshift selections cannot be equivalently used at z>3. We compute median rest-frame spectral energy distributions for our sample and find the median QG at 3<z<5 has a strong Balmer/4000{AA} break, and residual NUV flux indicating recent quenching. We find the number densities of the entire quiescent population (including post-starbursts) more than doubles from 3.5{+/-}2.2x10^-6^Mpc^-3^ at 4<z<5 to 1.4{+/-}0.4x10^-5^Mpc^-3^ at 3<z<4, confirming that the onset of massive galaxy quenching occurs as early as 3<z<5.2023AJ....165..248Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/248CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/373 : The fourth UltraVISTA data release (DR4) (Moneti+, 2019)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/AJ/131/1184 : Recalibration of optical photometry (Maiz-Apellaniz+, 2006)J/ApJ/682/985 : FIREWORKS photometry of GOODS CDF-S (Wuyts+, 2008)J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS; photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)J/A+A/544/A156 : UltraVISTA Catalogue Release DR1 (McCracken+, 2012)J/A+A/556/A55 : Multi-color photometry star-forming galaxies (Ilbert+, 2013)J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)J/ApJS/224/24 : The COSMOS2015 catalog (Laigle+, 2016)J/A+A/618/A85 : Spectroscopy of 3<z<4 quiescent galaxies (Schreiber+ 2018)J/MNRAS/483/3060 : Candidate massive galaxies at z~4 in DES (Guarnieri+, 2019)J/MNRAS/490/3309 : Massive passive galaxies at the Cosmic Dawn (Merlin+, 2019)J/MNRAS/496/695 : Timing the earliest quenching events (Carnall+, 2020)J/ApJ/897/44 : 120 3<=z<=5 galaxies cand in CANDELS fields (Shahidi+, 2020)J/ApJS/258/11 : The COSMOS2020 catalog (Weaver+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/248https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/248http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/248https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/248https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/248http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/248GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/165/248/table3 (quiescent galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/248/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/248/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/248/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true149.625422.210950.0055555555555555565/6814 6/27245 27247 27344https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/165/248?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/165/248/table3quiescent galaxiesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifiermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[149/151] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[1/3] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[3.03/4.86] Photometric redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatMass[44100000000/855000000000] Galactic masssolMassphys.mass;pos.galacticdoubleSFR[0.009/1612] Star formation ratesolMass/yrphys.SFRdoublepq50[0.01/1] Median boot-strapped quiescent probability distributionstat.probability;stat.medianfloatpq95[0.13/1] The 95% boot-strapped quiescent probability distributionstat.probability;stat.medianfloat