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<ri:Resource created="2023-09-29T06:51:31Z" status="active" updated="2025-05-19T09:50:00Z" version="1.2" xmlns:cs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/ConeSearch.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>SOAR Speckle Survey, nearby hierarchical systems</title><shortName>J/AJ/165/180</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/180</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51650180</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Tokovinin A.</name></creator><date role="Updated">2023-12-12T01:21:18Z</date><date role="Created">2023-09-29T06:51:31Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>multiple-stars</subject><subject>infrared-photometry</subject><subject>visible-astronomy</subject><subject>photometry</subject><subject>interferometry</subject><description>There should be about 10000 stellar hierarchical systems within 100pc with primary stars more massive than 0.5M{sun}, and a similar amount of less-massive hierarchies. A list of 8000 candidate multiples is derived from wide binaries found in the Gaia Catalog of Nearby Stars where one or both components have excessive astrometric noise or other indicators of inner subsystems. A subset of 1243 southern candidates were observed with high angular resolution at the 4.1m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, and 503 new pairs with separations from 0.03" to 1" were resolved. These data allow estimation of the inner mass ratios and periods, and help to quantify the ability of Gaia to detect close pairs. Another 621 hierarchies with known inner periods come from the Gaia catalog of astrometric and spectroscopic orbits. These two nonoverlapping groups, combined with existing ground-based data, bring the total number of known nearby hierarchies to 2754, reaching a completeness of ~22% for stars above 0.5M{sun}. Distributions of their periods and mass ratios are briefly discussed, and the prospects of further observations are outlined.</description><source format="bibcode">2023AJ....165..180T</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/180</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource>Conesearch service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/B/wds">B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/357">I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/382/118">J/A+A/382/118 : Spectroscopic sub-systems in multiple stars (Tokovinin+, 2002)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/450/681">J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/190/1">J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/147/87">J/AJ/147/87 : From binaries to multiples II. Statistic data (Tokovinin, 2014)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/235/6">J/ApJS/235/6 : Updated Multiple Star Catalog; Sept 2021 (Tokovinin, 2018)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/66">J/ApJS/247/66 : SUPERWIDE; wide binaries in Gaia &amp; SUPERBLINK (Hartman+, 2020)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/649/A6">J/A+A/649/A6 : Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars (Gaia collaboration, 2021)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/192">J/AJ/162/192 : SOAR TESS survey II. Impact stellar companions (Ziegler+, 2021)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/163/161">J/AJ/163/161 : Spectro. of Subsystems Multiple Stars. VIII. (Tokovinin, 2022)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/164/58">J/AJ/164/58 : Speckle Interferometry at SOAR in 2021 (Tokovinin+, 2022)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/163/178">J/AJ/163/178 : Solar Neighborhood. XLIV. M dwarfs with SOAR (Vrijmoet+, 2022)</relatedResource></relationship></content><rights>https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html</rights><capability><interface xsi:type="vr:WebBrowser"><accessURL use="full">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/180</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/180</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/180</mirrorURL></interface></capability><capability><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP"><accessURL use="base">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/180</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/180</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South 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