J/AJ/165/151ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/151doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51650151CDSNewman P.D.Plavchan P.Burt J.A.Teske J.Mamajek E.E.Leifer S.,Gaudi B.S.Blackwood G.Morgan R.2025-02-06T20:08:41Z2023-09-12T05:55:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastronomical-modelsexoplanetsradial-velocitymetallicityeffective-temperaturestellar-massesFuture direct imaging missions similar to the HabEx and LUVOIR mission concepts aim to catalog and characterize Earth-mass analogs around nearby stars. The exoplanet yield of these missions will be dependent on the frequency of Earth-like planets, and potentially the a priori knowledge of which stars specifically host suitable planetary systems. Ground- or space-based radial velocity surveys can potentially perform the pre-selection of targets and assist in the optimization of observation times, as opposed to an uninformed direct imaging survey. In this paper, we present our framework for simulating future radial velocity surveys of nearby stars in support of direct imaging missions. We generate lists of exposure times, observation time- series, and radial velocity time-series given a direct imaging target list. We generate simulated surveys for a proposed set of telescopes and precise radial velocity spectrographs spanning a set of plausible global-network architectures that may be considered for next-generation extremely precise radial velocity surveys. We also develop figures of merit for observation frequency and planet detection sensitivity, and compare these across architectures. From these, we draw conclusions, given our stated assumptions and caveats, to optimize the yield of future radial velocity surveys supporting direct imaging missions. We find that all of our considered surveys obtain sufficient numbers of precise observations to meet the minimum theoretical white noise detection sensitivity for Earth-mass habitable-zone planets. While our detection rates and mass-sensitivity are optimistic, we have margin to explore systematic effects due to stellar activity and correlated noise in future work.2023AJ....165..151Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/151CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/121/2148 : Precise spectral types for 372 A, F & G stars (Gray+, 2001)J/AJ/124/1670 : Post-T Tauri Stars in Sco-Cen Association (Mamajek+, 2002)J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project; the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)J/A+A/420/183 : Spectroscopy in solar neighborhood (Allende Prieto+ 2004)J/A+A/415/1153 : [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars (Santos+, 2004)J/ApJ/626/446 : Effective temperature scale of FGK stars (Ramirez+, 2005)J/PASJ/57/27 : Atmospheric parameters of nearby F-K stars (Takeda+, 2005)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/AJ/132/161 : NStars project; The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)J/ApJS/168/297 : Stellar parameters of nearby cool stars (Takeda+, 2007)J/A+A/487/373 : Spectroscopic parameters 451 HARPS-GTO stars (Sousa+, 2008)J/MNRAS/403/1368 : Li abundances & vsini star-planet systems (Gonzalez+, 2010)J/A+A/542/A116 : Rotation in A-F stars (Ammler-von Eiff+, 2012)J/A+A/547/A106 : Li abundances in the FGK dwarfs (Mishenina+, 2012)J/A+A/547/A13 : Homogeneous sample of F6-K4 Hyades stars (Tabernero+, 2012)J/A+A/554/A84 : Abundances of evolved stars (Maldonado+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/78 : Oxygen abundances in nearby FGK stars (Ramirez+, 2013)J/A+A/555/A150 : Physical parameters cool solar-type stars (Tsantaki+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A133 : Gaia FGK benchmark stars; metallicity (Jofre+, 2014)J/MNRAS/444/3517 : BCool survey of solar-type stars (Marsden+ 2014)J/A+A/561/A7 : High-precision abundances stars with planet (Ramirez+, 2014)J/A+A/580/A24 : Abundances in dwarfs, subgiants, & giants (da Silva+, 2015)J/A+A/580/A31 : Aldebaran radial velocity variations (Hatzes+, 2015)J/A+A/574/A50 : Chemical abundances of giants and subgiants (Jofre+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/801/79 : 10yr of GJ176 RVel & VR photometry (Robertson+, 2015)J/A+A/576/A94 : Northern bright planet host stars parameters (Sousa+, 2015)J/A+A/585/A134 : HD1461, HD40307 & HD204313 radial velocities (Diaz+, 2016)J/A+A/593/A5 : Radial velocity fitting challenge dataset (Dumusque, 2016)J/ApJ/826/171 : IR data debris disk vs metallicity of stars (Gaspar+, 2016)J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search DR25 (Twicken+, 2016)J/ApJS/247/11 : RV photon limits well-characterized FMstars (Reiners+, 2020)J/A+A/649/A26 : TOI-178 six transiting planets (Leleu+, 2021)J/AJ/162/61 : RVel follow up of Barnard's star with HPF (Lubin+, 2021)J/MNRAS/507/1847 : A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d (Rajpaul+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/151https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/151http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/151https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/151https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/151http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/151GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/165/151/table3 (Stars in the "green prime" list)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/151/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/151/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/151/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true32.6-50.82530560.0055555555555555566/137 684 2317 3020 3102 3639 5009 5304 5522 5670 5836 5853 6766 6926 7390 8788 8790 9662 9835 9843 10375 10812 10899 11633 11806 13301 14278 14419 15597 16069 17171 17425 17576 18139 19912 20328 21177 21484 22040 22709 22818 23190 23230 24028 24713 24924 25407 26575 26975 27973 28605 29196 30529 30665 30878 30965 31087 31101 31478 31751 32619 32757 32848 33281 33552 34446 34817 35064 35079 36288 36365 36693 36697 37408 38238 38461 39284 39305 40078 40692 40932 41272 41687 41941 42248 42700 42760 43639 44284 45485 45535 45564 45669 46640 46925 47137 48652 48705 48768https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/165/151?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/165/151/table3Stars in the "green prime" listr_DistBibcode reference for Distancemeta.ref;pos.frameintv*sini[0.1/4.9] Projected rotation velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameHipparcos star Namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDist[3.21/22.5] Distancepcpos.distancefloatr_v*sini? Bibcode reference for v*sini (assumed if null)meta.refintnullableSpTypeSpectral Typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTypeBibcode reference for SpTypemeta.ref;pos.frameintTeff[3941/6203] Effective TemperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintr_TeffBibcode reference for Teffmeta.ref;pos.frameintlogg[3.43/4.76] log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatr_loggBibcode reference for log(g)meta.ref;pos.frameint[Fe/H][-0.66/0.46] Metallicityphys.abund.Fefloatr_[Fe/H]Bibcode reference for Metallicitymeta.refintMass[0.63/1.23] Calculated masssolMassphys.massfloatRad[0.47/10.2] Calculated radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatHemisphereHemisphere observedobs.fieldcharJ/AJ/165/151/refsReferences usedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRef[1/38] Reference codemeta.noteintBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCat.Catalog in Viziermeta.id;meta.tablecharNoteAdditional notemeta.notechar