J/AJ/165/125ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/125doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/be-55-3xCDSAn D.-S.Xie J.-W.Dai Y.-Z.Zhou J.-L.2026-07-02T11:44:19Z2023-11-17T09:18:21ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsstellar-massesstellar-radiimetallicityeffective-temperaturevisible-astronomyOrbital eccentricity is one of the basic planetary properties, whose distribution may shed light on the history of planet formation and evolution. Here, in a series of works on Planetary Orbit Eccentricity Trends (dubbed POET), we study the distribution of planetary eccentricities and their dependence on stellar/planetary properties. In this paper, the first work of the POET series, we investigate whether and how the eccentricities of small planets depend on stellar metallicities (e.g., [Fe/H]). Previous studies on giant planets have found a significant correlation between planetary eccentricities and their host metallicities. Nevertheless, whether such a correlation exists for small planets (e.g., super-Earths and sub-Neptunes) remains unclear. Here, benefiting from the large and homogeneous LAMOST-Gaia- Kepler sample, we characterize the eccentricity distributions of 244 (286) small planets in single (multiple) transiting systems with the TDR method. We confirm the eccentricity-metallicity trend whereby the eccentricities of single small planets increase with stellar metallicities. Interestingly, a similar trend between eccentricity and metallicity is also found in the radial velocity sample. We also found that the mutual inclination of multiple transiting systems increases with metallicity, which predicts a moderate eccentricity-metallicity rising trend. Our results of the correlation between eccentricity (inclination) and metallicity for small planets support the core accretion model for planet formation, and they could be footprints of self (and/or external) excitation processes during the history of planet formation and evolution.2023AJ....165..125Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/125CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/ApJ/709/168 : Eccentric orbits in exoplanets (Anglada-Escude+, 2010)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/19 : LAMOST obs. in the Kepler field. I. (De Cat+, 2015)J/AJ/152/187 : Planet occurrence & stellar metallicity KOIs (Mulders+, 2016)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat.I KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)J/AJ/162/100 : PAST. II. LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler cat. of 35835 stars (Chen+, 2021)J/ApJS/255/6 : Warm Jupiter TESS FFIs 1st year (2018-2019 July) (Dong+, 2021)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanets archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/125https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/125GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/165/125/table2 (*Kepler single planet systems analyzed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true292.249028946.16483560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/165/125/table3 (*Kepler multiple planet systems analyzed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.386013641.99026250.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/165/125/table4 (*RVel single planet systems analyzed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true168.638171925.71038610.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/165/125/table5 (*RVel multiple planet systems analyzed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/125/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true348.320728957.16835670.0055555555555555565/3646-3647 3689-3690 3694-3695 3704 3706 3729 3732-3734 3738 3781-3783 3785 3788 3792 6/3715 11671 14278 14419 14567 14573 14575 14578-14579 14581-14583 14734-14735 14744 14746 14750-14753 14755 14764-14765 14767-14768 14770 14772-14774 14792 14794 14828 14830 14921-14922 14924 14941-14943 14945 14947-14948 14950-14951 14958-14962 14966-14969 14971-14973 15041 15043-15044 15052 15057 15060 15104 15106-15107 15109-15113 15115-15116 15118-15119 15121-15122 15136-15137 15139 15144-15146 15148-15150 15156-15158 15160 15172 15200 15232 15635 16342 19131 20593 21121 23030 24924 25424 27088 28400 29838 30176 30505 30771 32335 32986 33510 33608 33705 34767 35954 35968 37418 37947 38975 40692 45717 45721 48519 48652https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/165/125?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/165/125/table2*Kepler single planet systems analyzed in this workSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKeplerName Kepler identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPerOrbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_PerUpper uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PerLower uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.mindoubleRrotPlanet-star radius ratiostat.fit.omcdoubleE_RrotUpper uncertainty in Rrotstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_RrotLower uncertainty in Rrotstat.error;stat.mindoubleDurTransit durationhtime.durationfloatE_DurUpper uncertainty in Durhstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DurLower uncertainty in Durhstat.error;stat.minfloatSNRTransit model signal-to-noise ratiostat.param;meta.modelledfloatRUWERe-normalized unit-weight errorstat.errorfloatTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatE_TeffUpper uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;stat.maxfloate_TeffLower uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;stat.minfloatloggSurface gravitycm.s**-2phys.gravityfloatE_loggUpper uncertainty in loggcm.s**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_loggLower uncertainty in loggcm.s**-2stat.error;stat.minfloatGOFCombined likelihood goodness-of-fitstat.likelihoodfloatMassStellar masssolMassphys.massfloatE_MassUpper uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_MassLower uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.minfloatRadStellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_RadUpper uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_RadLower uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;stat.minfloat[Fe/H]log metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatE_[Fe/H]Upper uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_[Fe/H]Lower uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.minfloat_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/165/125/table3*Kepler multiple planet systems analyzed in this workSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableE_RadUpper uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_RadLower uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;stat.minfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPerOrbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_PerUpper uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PerLower uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.mindoubleRrotPlanet-star radius ratiostat.fit.omcdoubleE_RrotUpper uncertainty in Rrotstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_RrotLower uncertainty in Rrotstat.error;stat.mindoubleDurTransit durationhtime.durationfloatE_DurUpper uncertainty in Durhstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DurLower uncertainty in Durhstat.error;stat.minfloatSNRTransit model signal-to-noise ratiostat.param;meta.modelledfloatRUWERe-normalized unit-weight errorstat.errorfloatTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatE_TeffUpper uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;stat.maxfloate_TeffLower uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;stat.minfloatloggSurface gravitycm.s**-2phys.gravityfloatE_loggUpper uncertainty in loggcm.s**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_loggLower uncertainty in loggcm.s**-2stat.error;stat.minfloatGOFCombined likelihood goodness-of-fitstat.likelihoodfloatMassStellar masssolMassphys.massfloatE_MassUpper uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_MassLower uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.minfloatRadStellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloat[Fe/H]log metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatE_[Fe/H]Upper uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_[Fe/H]Lower uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.minfloat_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainKeplerName Kepler identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharJ/AJ/165/125/table4*RVel single planet systems analyzed in this workE_Rad? Upper uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Rad? Lower uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableMassPlanet mass or mass*sin(i)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mass? Upper uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_Mass? Lower uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.mindoublenullableePlanet eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_eUpper uncertainty in estat.error;stat.maxfloate_eLower uncertainty in estat.error;stat.minfloat[Fe/H]log stellar metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatE_[Fe/H]? Upper uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_[Fe/H]? Lower uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRad? Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullablePerOrbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_PerUpper uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PerLower uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.mindouble_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/165/125/table5*RVel multiple planet systems analyzed in this workSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRad? Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullableE_Rad? Upper uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Rad? Lower uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableMassPlanet mass or mass*sin(i)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mass? Upper uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_Mass? Lower uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.mindoublenullableePlanet eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_eUpper uncertainty in estat.error;stat.maxfloate_eLower uncertainty in estat.error;stat.minfloat[Fe/H]log stellar metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatE_[Fe/H]? Upper uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_[Fe/H]? Lower uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullablePerOrbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_PerUpper uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_PerLower uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.mindouble_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNamePlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchar