J/AJ/165/113ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/113doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51650113CDSRuffio J.-B.Horstman K.Mawet D.Rosenthal L.J.Batygin K.,Wang J.J.Millar-Blanchaer M.Wang JiFulton B.J.Konopacky Q.M.,Agrawal S.Hirsch L.A.Howard A.W.Blunt S.Nielsen E.Baker A.,Bartos R.Bond C.Z.Calvin B.Cetre S.Delorme J.-R.Doppmann G.,Echeverri D.Finnerty L.Fitzgerald M.P.Jovanovic N.Lopez R.,Martin E.C.Morris E.Pezzato J.Ruane G.Sappey B.Schofield T.,Skemer A.Venenciano T.Wallace J.K.Wallack N.L.Wizinowich P.,Xuan J.W.2023-11-03T12:06:03Z2023-07-05T08:22:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frasteroidsexoplanetsbrown-dwarfsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocityThe detection of satellites around extrasolar planets, so called exomoons, remains a largely unexplored territory. In this work, we study the potential of detecting these elusive objects from radial velocity monitoring of self-luminous, directly imaged planets. This technique is now possible thanks to the development of dedicated instruments combining the power of high-resolution spectroscopy and high-contrast imaging. First, we demonstrate a sensitivity to satellites with a mass ratio of 1%-4% at separations similar to the Galilean moons from observations of a brown-dwarf companion (HR7672B; Kmag=13; 0.7" separation) with the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC, R~35000 in the K band) at the W.M.Keck Observatory. Current instrumentation is therefore already sensitive to large unresolved satellites that could be forming from gravitational instability akin to binary star formation. Using end-to-end simulations, we then estimate that future instruments such as the Multi-Object Diffraction-limited High-resolution Infrared Spectrograph, planned for the Thirty Meter Telescope, should be sensitive to satellites with mass ratios of ~10e^-4^. Such small moons would likely form in a circumplanetary disk similar to the Jovian satellites in the solar system. Looking for the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect could also be an interesting pathway to detecting the smallest moons on short orbital periods. Future exomoon discoveries will allow precise mass measurements of the substellar companions that they orbit and provide key insight into the formation of exoplanets. They would also help constrain the population of habitable Earth-sized moons orbiting gas giants in the habitable zone of their stars.2023AJ....165..113Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/113CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/A+A/463/671 : Rotational velocities of A-type stars. III. (Royer+, 2007)J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius of planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+, 2017)J/AJ/153/21 : Abundances in local region. II. F, G, & K dwarfs (Luck+, 2017)J/ApJS/257/45 : BDKP V. Radial & rot. velocities of M, L, T dwarfs (Hsu+, 2021)J/AJ/162/290 : OSIRIS Kband spectra of planets HR8799b, c, & d (Ruffio+, 2021)J/ApJ/922/L2 : Limits on binary planets in HR 8799b, c & d (Vanderburg+, 2021)J/AJ/164/143 : Spectroscopy of HR8799 planets with SCExAO/CHARIS (Wang+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/113https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/113http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/113https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/113https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/113http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/113GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/165/113/fig2Measured radial velocities of HR 7672 B with KPICrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[59008/59400] Modified Julian Date of the observation; JD-2400000.5dtime.epochdoubleRVel[-14770/20513] Measured radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVel[1603/40333] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;phys.velocdoubleLabelKPIC science fiber & NIRSPEC order informationmeta.idchar