J/AJ/165/104ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/104doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51650104CDSDeming D.Line M.R.Knutson H.A.Crossfield I.J.M.Kempton E.M.-R.,Komacek T.D.Wallack N.L.Fu G.2023-11-03T12:04:40Z2023-06-29T13:03:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsinfrared-photometryeffective-temperatureWe study the emergent spectral fluxes of transiting hot Jupiters, using secondary eclipses from Spitzer. To achieve a large and uniform sample, we have reanalyzed all secondary eclipses for all hot Jupiters observed by Spitzer at 3.6 and/or 4.5{mu}m. Our sample comprises 457 eclipses of 122 planets, including eclipses of 13 planets not previously published. We use these eclipse depths to calculate the spectral fluxes emergent from the exoplanetary atmospheres, and thereby infer the temperatures and spectral properties of hot Jupiters. We find that an abrupt rise in brightness temperature, similar to a phase change, occurs on the dayside atmospheres of the population at an equilibrium temperature between 1714 and 1818K (99% confidence limits). The amplitude of the rise is 291{+/-}49K, and two viable causes are the onset of magnetic drag that inhibits longitudinal heat redistribution, and/or the rapid dissipation of dayside clouds. We also study hot Jupiter spectral properties with respect to metallicity and temperature inversions. Models exhibiting 4.5{mu}m emission from temperature inversions reproduce our fluxes statistically for the hottest planets, but the transition to emission is gradual, not abrupt. The Spitzer fluxes are sensitive to metallicity for planets cooler than ~1200K, and most of the hot Jupiter population falls between model tracks having solar to 30x solar metallicity.2023AJ....165..104Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/104CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/498/L5 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HD 80606b (Moutou+, 2009)J/A+A/526/A130 : WASP-34b photometry and radial velocities (Smalley+, 2011)J/MNRAS/426/739 : Velocities for 7 transiting hot Jupiters (Hellier+, 2012)J/ApJ/788/92 : Hot Jupiter Kepler-13Ab planets occultation (Shporer+, 2014)J/MNRAS/444/711 : Photometric distances of exoplanets (Triaud+, 2014)J/ApJ/813/47 : Model atmospheres of irradiated exoplanets (Molliere+, 2015)J/MNRAS/465/3693 : 7 WASP-South transiting exoplanets (Hellier+, 2017)J/A+A/610/A20 : HITEP. II. Transiting exoplanets imaging (Evans+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A80 : WASP-121b secondary eclipse in 2MASS K band (Kovacs+, 2019)J/ApJ/874/L31 : Giant planet bulk & atmos. metallicities (Thorngren+, 2019)J/AJ/161/51 : HST spectral light curve of HAT-P-41 (Sheppard+, 2021)J/AJ/162/127 : Lightcurve phases 2nd year TESSprimary mission (Wong+, 2021)J/ApJS/259/62 : TESS transit timing of hot Jupiters (Ivshina+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/104https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/104GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/165/104/table3 (*Stellar and planetary temperatures and radii that we adopted from TEPCat)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/104/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/104/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/104/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true102.079885-3.10214170.0055555555555555566/876 1275 1292 2308 2335 2532 2596 2711 3344 4241 4990 5730 6017 6181 6349 6638 7036 7208 7240 8197 8825 9173 9355 9459 9482 9811 10654 10730 12398 12424 12644 12853 12862 12983 13143 13250 13439 13569 13680 13702 13941 14446 14667 14772 14825-14826 14886 14914 15129 15139 15143 15160 15218 15950 16432 16947 17172 17851 18093 18510 18766 18943 20116 20339 20476 20780 21254 22001 22065 22816 24409 24428 25132 25427 25721 25885 25950 26727 26771 26844 27488 30009 30013 30466 30485 31541 31641 32727 32749 33220 33798 34708 34898 35210 35456 35993 36165 36196 36667 36794 38452 39512 39542 39611 39673 40862 42936 43180 43847 43865 44648 45922 46316 46421 46429 46437 47476 48178 48251 48803 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/165/104?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/165/104/table3*Stellar and planetary temperatures and radii that we adopted from TEPCatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePlanet b namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRad[0.77/2.06] Planet radius in Jupiter radii(7.1492x10+7m)phys.size.radiusfloatTeq[736/3921] Planet equilibrium temperatureKphys.temperatureintR*[0.593/2.69] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatTeff[4145/9600] Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintNObsNumber of eclipse depths observations (table1)meta.numberintnullableFluxSpitzer fluxes (table2)meta.ref.urlchar_RAPlanet position from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPlanet position from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/165/104/table2Emergent fluxes in the 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m bands and brightness temperaturesNamePlanet b namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintF3.6[0/2e-05] Planet flux at 3.6 micronsmW.m**-2.Hz**-1phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublee_F3.6[0/2e-06] The 1-sigma uncertainty in F3.6mW.m**-2.Hz**-1stat.errordoubleF4.5[1e-07/2e-05] Planet flux at 4.5 micronsmW.m**-2.Hz**-1phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoubleE_Tb4.5[18/391] Upper 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb4.5Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Tb4.5[18/1830] Lower 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb4.5Kstat.errorinte_F4.5[4e-08/2e-06] The sigma uncertainty in F4.5mW.m**-2.Hz**-1stat.errordoubleTb3.6[0/4034] Brightness temperature at 3.6 micronsKphys.temperatureintE_Tb3.6[0/320] Upper 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb3.6Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Tb3.6[0/6162] Lower 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb3.6Kstat.errorintTb4.5[670/4372] Brightness temperature at 4.5 micronsKphys.temperatureintJ/AJ/165/104/table1Eclipse depths and uncertainties for 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m Spitzer observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePlanet b namemeta.id;meta.maincharWave[3.6/4.5] Bandpass central wavelengthumem.wl.centralfloatAOR[227/71326208] Astronomical Observation Request numbermeta.id;meta.numberintDepth[-102/5901] Eclipse depth in parts-per-million (1)(10-6)phys.absorption.opticalDepthinte_Depth[24/884] The 1-sigma uncertainty in Depth(10-6)stat.error;phys.absorption.opticalDepthint