J/AJ/164/252ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/164/252doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51640252CDSTamburo P.Muirhead P.S.McCarthy A.M.Hart M.Vos J.M.Agol E.,Theissen C.,Gracia D.,Bardalez Gagliuffi D.C.,Faherty J.2023-05-26T08:50:28Z2023-02-24T08:30:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysdwarf-starsinfrared-photometrystellar-spectral-typesWe describe a new transit-detection algorithm designed to detect single- transit events in discontinuous Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey (PINES) observations of L and T-dwarfs. We use this algorithm to search for transits in 131 PINES light curves and identify two transit candidates: 2MASSJ18212815+1414010 (2MASSJ1821+1414) and 2MASSJ08350622+1953050 (2MASSJ0835+1953). We disfavor 2MASSJ1821+1414 as a genuine transit candidate due to the known variability properties of the source. We cannot rule out the planetary nature of 2MASSJ0835+1953's candidate event and perform follow-up observations in an attempt to recover a second transit. A repeat event has yet to be observed, but these observations suggest that target variability is an unlikely cause of the candidate transit. We perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation of the light curve and estimate a planet radius ranging from 4.2_-1.6_^+3.5^R{Earth} to 5.8_-2.1_^+4.8^R{Earth}, depending on the host's age. Finally, we perform an injection and recovery simulation on our light-curve sample. We inject planets into our data using measured M-dwarf planet occurrence rates and attempt to recover them using our transit-search algorithm. Our detection rates suggest that, assuming M-dwarf planet occurrence rates, we should have roughly a 1% chance of detecting a candidate that could cause the transit depth we observe for 2MASSJ0835+1953. If 2MASSJ0835+1953b is confirmed, it would suggest an enhancement in the occurrence of short-period planets around L and T-dwarfs in comparison to M-dwarfs, which would challenge predictions from planet formation models.2022AJ....164..252Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/164/252CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/ApJ/637/1067 : Near-IR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/AJ/131/2722 : New L and T dwarfs from the SDSS (Chiu+, 2006)J/AJ/137/1 : Proper motions & astrometry late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)J/ApJ/710/1142 : SpeX spectroscopy of low mass binaries. I. (Burgasser+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/ApJ/794/143 : New SpeX Observations of M7-L6 Dwarfs (Bardalez+, 2014)J/ApJ/783/121 : BANYAN II. Nearby young assoc. candidate member (Gagne+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/45 : Pot habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/814/130 : Planet occurrence rates calculated for KOIs (Mulders+, 2015)J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)J/MNRAS/455/357 : 2MASS J18212815+1414010 field stars (Sahlmann+, 2016)J/ApJ/838/73 : Brow dwarf surface gravities with Keck/NIRSPEC (Martin , 2017)J/MNRAS/474/2094 : Inferring probabilistic stellar rotation per (Angus+, 2018)J/AJ/158/75 : Mid-type M dwarfs planet occurrence (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)J/A+A/628/A39 : Radial velocities of GJ 357 (Luque+, 2019)J/AJ/160/19 : 827 ultracool dwarfs with K2 (Sagear+, 2020)J/A+A/641/A170 : Ultracool dwarf K2 light curves (Sestovic+, 2020)J/AJ/160/38 : Spitzer variability detections of 79 brown dwarfs (Vos+, 2020)J/A+A/645/A100 : SPECULOOS. Ultracool dwarf transit survey (Sebastian+, 2021)J/AJ/162/28 : Studying protoplanetary disks in SFRs with ALMA (Van+, 2021)J/AJ/163/253 : The Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey. I. (Tamburo+, 2022)http://jgagneastro.com/list-of-ultracool-dwarfs : List of Ultracool Dwarfshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/252https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/252http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/252https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/252https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/252http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/252GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/164/252/table1 (*PINES observations used in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/252/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/252/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/252/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.315.593330.0055555555555555566/221 223 445 544 548 672 771 4116 4175 4183 4216 4251 4299 4515 4536 4543 4637 4709 4729 4937 6804 8333 8348-8349 8354 8361 8402 8727 8794 8874 10281 12369 12427 12430 12466 13341 13432 13455 13672 13678 17242 17261 17729 17930 18032 18060 18087 18101 18138 18166 18209 18281 18303 18375 18683 18719 18840 19144 19697 19726 19763 19857 19895 19913 20141 20318 20374 20415 22759 22919 22937 22950 23010 23111 23354 25433 25846 26209-26210 26223 26509 26533 26945 26960 27102 27366 27514 27518 27527 27590 27635 27685 27698 27838 27943 28004 28018 28427 28450 28604 30883 30948 30956 31144 31268 31324 31340 31445 31502 31594 31871 31905 31982 32284 32372 32554 32574 32650 32690 36772 36784 36845 48990 49139-491401.5062136169708525e-19 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/164/252?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/164/252/table1*PINES observations used in this studySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag[11.9/16.5] 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatSpT-OOptical spectral typesrc.spTypecharSpT-NIRNear-IR spectral typesrc.spTypecharBandBand observed; H or Jinstr.bandpasscharNnight[1/11] Number of nightsmeta.numberintTExp1[10/60] First exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintTExp2[15/60]? Second exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintnullablesigma1[0.6/12.8] Standard deviation associated with Exp1%stat.errorfloatsigma2[0.8/9.1]? Standard deviation associated with Exp2%stat.errorfloatnullablePaperIDisplay data from Paper I; Tamburo+, 2022, J/AJ/163/253meta.ref.urlchar