J/AJ/164/25ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/164/25doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51640025CDSAngus R.Price-Whelan A.M.Zinn J.C.Bedell M.Lu Y.Foreman-Mackey D.2022-11-15T08:21:54Z2022-11-04T07:22:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxylate-type-starsproper-motionsvisible-astronomyPrecise Gaia measurements of positions, parallaxes, and proper motions provide an opportunity to calculate 3D positions and 2D velocities (i.e., 5D phase-space) of Milky Way stars. Where available, spectroscopic radial velocity (RVel) measurements provide full 6D phase-space information, however there are now and will remain many stars without RV measurements. Without an RVel it is not possible to directly calculate 3D stellar velocities; however, one can infer 3D stellar velocities by marginalizing over the missing RV dimension. In this paper, we infer the 3D velocities of stars in the Kepler field in Cartesian Galactocentric coordinates (vx, vy, vz). We directly calculate velocities for around a quarter of all Kepler targets, using RV measurements available from the Gaia, LAMOST, and APOGEE spectroscopic surveys. Using the velocity distributions of these stars as our prior, we infer velocities for the remaining three quarters of the sample by marginalizing over the RV dimension. The median uncertainties on our inferred vx, vy, and vz velocities are around 4, 18, and 4km/s, respectively. We provide 3D velocities for a total of 148590 stars in the Kepler field. These 3D velocities could enable kinematic age-dating, Milky Way stellar population studies, and other scientific studies using the benchmark sample of well-studied Kepler stars. Although the methodology used here is broadly applicable to targets across the sky, our prior is specifically constructed from and for the Kepler field. Care should be taken to use a suitable prior when extending this method to other parts of the Galaxy.2022AJ....164...25Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/164/25CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)V/117 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood (Holmberg+, 2007)V/130 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood III (Holmberg+, 2009)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/A+A/530/A138 : Geneva-Copenhagen survey re-analysis (Casagrande+, 2011)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation & Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/AJ/153/257 : Comoving stars in Gaia DR1 (Oh+, 2017)J/AJ/158/190 : Main sequence hot Jupiter hosts good astrometry (Hamer+, 2019)J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)J/ApJ/878/21 : Vertical motions APOGEE & Gaia red clump stars (Ting+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/34 : Abundances for 6 million stars from LAMOST DR5 (Xiang+, 2019)J/AJ/160/90 : Stellar parameters for 13196 Kepler dwarfs (Angus+, 2020)J/ApJ/888/43 : APOGEE-Kepler Cool Dwarf star ages (Claytor+, 2020)J/ApJ/904/140 : Ruprecht 147 members & rot. for 5 other cl. (Curtis+, 2020)J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ~30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/25https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/25GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/164/25/table1 (Velocities and kinematic information for stars in the Kepler field)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/25/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/25/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/25/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true289.7550.320.0055555555555555564/922-923 933-935 944-946 5/3645-3647 3683 3704 3706 3729-3731 3760 3765 3788-3789 3792-3793 6/14559 14567 14573 14575 14577-14579 14730-14731 14738 14744 14746-14747 14749-14751 14792 14794-14795 14822 14828 14830-14831 14914-14915 15044-15045 15056-15057 15059 15160-15161 15164 15176-15178 15200 15202 15232-15233https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/164/25?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/164/25/table1Velocities and kinematic information for stars in the Kepler fieldSeq[0/148589] Sequential number identifiermeta.recordintvy-inf[115/289] vy velocity sample, inferred without RVelkm/sphys.velocfloate_vy-inf[20/26] Standard deviation of vykm/sstat.errorfloatvz-calc[-714/1090]? zx velocity calculated using RVelkm/sphys.velocfloatnullablevz-inf[-192/194] vz velocity sample, inferred without RVelkm/sphys.velocfloate_vz-inf[2/11] Standard deviation of vzkm/sstat.errorfloatvxvy[28/225] covariance between vx and vy samplesphys.velocfloatvxvz[-25/97] covariance between vx and vz samplesphys.velocfloatvxlnd[-0.6/2] covariance between vx and ln(distance) samplesphys.velocfloatvyvz[54.3/206] covariance between vy & vz samplesphys.velocfloatvylnd[-0.35/0.16] covariance between vy and ln(distance) samplesphys.velocfloatvzlnd[-0.38/0.35] covariance between vz and ln(distance) samplesphys.velocfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input catalog identifiermeta.idintGaiaGaia EDR3 identifiermeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRS[279/302] Gaia EDR3 right ascension (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexede_RA_ICRS[0.006/0.1] Uncertainty in RAdegarcsecstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDE_ICRS[36/53] Gaia EDR3 declination (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_DE_ICRS[0.007/0.1] Uncertainty in DEdegarcsecstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatplx[0.09/18.6] Gaia EDR3 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.007/0.1] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatDist[53/18256]? Distance; Bailer-Jones+, 2021, I/352pcpos.distancefloatnullableb_Dist[53/14207]? Lower bound on Distpcpos.distance;stat.minfloatnullableB_Dist[53/23570]? Upper bound on Distpcpos.distance;stat.maxfloatnullablepmRA[-37.7/40.3] Gaia EDR3 proper motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[-38/41] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-39.2/38.7] Gaia EDR3 proper motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[-40/39] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatRVel-DR2[-393/107]? Gaia DR2 radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVel-DR2[0.1/20]? Uncertainty in RVel-DR2km/sstat.errorfloatnullableRVel-apo[-589/71]? APOGEE DR16 radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RVel-apo[0.0005/2]? Uncertainty in RVel-apokm/sstat.errorfloatnullableRVel-lam[-403.0/94.0]? LAMOST DR5 radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RVel-lam[1/89]? Uncertainty in RVel-lamkm/sstat.errorfloatnullablevx-calc[-838/1421]? vx velocity calculated using RVelkm/sphys.velocfloatnullablevx-inf[-307/387] vx velocity sample, inferred without RVelkm/sphys.velocfloate_vx-inf[2/18] Standard deviation of vxkm/sstat.errorfloatvy-calc[-312/621]? vy velocity calculated using RVelkm/sphys.velocfloatnullable