J/AJ/163/228ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/163/228doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51630228CDSPatel J.A.Espinoza N.2022-11-25T13:17:24Z2022-09-30T06:57:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsvisible-astronomyAlthough the main goal of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is to search for new transiting exoplanets, its data can also be used to study already-known systems in further detail. The TESS bandpass is particularly interesting to study the limb-darkening effect of the stellar host that is imprinted in transit light curves, as the widely used phoenix and atlas stellar models predict different limb-darkening profiles. Here we study this effect by fitting the transit light curves of 176 known exoplanetary systems observed by TESS, which allows us to extract empirical limb-darkening coefficients (LDCs) for the widely used quadratic law but also updated transit parameters (including ephemeride refinements) as a by-product. Comparing our empirically obtained LDCs with theoretical predictions, we find significant offsets when using tabulated TESS LDCs. Specifically, the u2 coefficients obtained using phoenix models show the largest discrepancies depending on the method used to derive them, with offsets that can reach up to {Delta}u2 ~0.2, on average. Most of those average offsets disappear, however, if one uses the SPAM algorithm introduced by Howarth to calculate the LDCs instead. Our results suggest, however, that for stars cooler than about 5000K, no methodology is good enough to explain the limb-darkening effect; we observe a sharp deviation between measured and predicted LDCs on both quadratic LDCs of order {Delta}u1, {Delta}u2 ~0.2 for those cool stars. We recommend caution when assuming LDCs as perfectly known, in particular for these cooler stars when analyzing TESS transit light curves.2022AJ....163..228Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/163/228CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/363/1081 : Non-linear limb-darkening law for LTE models (Claret 2000)J/ApJ/709/159 : Relative Ic photometry of WASP-17 (Anderson+, 2010)J/A+A/527/A8 : Transiting planetary system WASP-7 (Southworth+, 2011)J/A+A/546/A14 : Limb-darkening for CoRoT, Kepler, Spitzer (Claret+, 2012)J/A+A/539/A102 : HD 209458 and HD 189733 theoretical spectra (Hayek+, 2012)J/MNRAS/426/1291 : Physical properties of 38 exoplanets (Southworth, 2012)J/MNRAS/436/2 : Transits of WASP-19b (Mancini+, 2013)J/MNRAS/428/3671 : Transiting planet WASP-19b (Tregloan-Reed+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in the CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)J/AJ/152/127 : Sloan i follow-up light curves of HATS-18 (Penev+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A107 : 231 transiting planets eccentricity and mass (Bonomo+, 2017)J/A+A/600/A30 : Limb-darkening for TESS satellite (Claret, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/3693 : 7 WASP-South transiting exoplanets (Hellier+, 2017)J/AJ/154/228 : Properties of transiting planet's host stars (Sandford+, 2017)J/AJ/153/136 : Planets & their host stars with Gaia plxs (Stassun+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A39 : Power-2 limb-darkening law from STAGGER-grid (Maxted, 2018)J/AJ/157/43 : WASP-161b, WASP-163b and WASP-170b (Barkaoui+, 2019)J/AJ/157/217 : Transit times of 5 hot Jupiter WASP exoplanets (Bouma+, 2019)J/A+A/635/A205 : Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b transits (Bourrier+, 2020)J/AJ/160/209 : K2 & TESS Synergy. I. Param & LC, 4 stars (Ikwut-Ukwa+, 2020)J/AcA/70/181 : Search for Planets in Hot Jupiter Systems (Maciejewski+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/228https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/228https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/228http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/228GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/163/228/table3 (Various stellar properties of our targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/228/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/228/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/228/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true75.2996611-26.05415780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/163/228/table6 (Retrieved planetary parameters along with their literature values)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/228/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/228/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/228/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true75.2996614-26.05415750.0055555555555555566/1292 2953 3344 4145 4272 4624 4990 5475 6058 6381 7502 7605 7652 7777 7917 9355 9482 9811 10066 10118 10654 10953 11279 12862 14446 14608 14993 15218 15950 16074 16366 16395 16534 16551 16947 16971 17040 17226 17344 17753 17819 17865 18452 20476 20543 20565 20648 20659 20741 20780 20790 20872 21026 21079 21176 21392 21885 22040 22078 22168-22169 22396 22661 22816 22963 23387 23636 24122 24752 24815 24981 25194 26727 26771 26918 27056 32217 32564 32640 32659 32727 32748-32749 32862 33200 33283 33285 33449 33470 33719 33723 33798 34005 34260 34370 34566 34708 34751 34755 34812 34847-34848 34898 34940 34957 35456 35486 35993 36142 36165 36197 36667 37313 37751 38452 38682 38982 39080 39512 39542 39611 39667 39733 39812 39826 39829 39851 40194 40251 40320 40669 40864 41179 41786 42001 42865 42936 43336 43432 43541 43586 43625 43733 43847 43865 43960 44648 44672 44685 45372 45380 45553 45800 45855 45922 45964 46128 46135 46316 46333 46421 46429 46437 46462 46771 47000 47167 47186 47310 47330 47449 47476 48338 48353 48358https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/163/228?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/163/228/table3Various stellar properties of our targetsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the host starmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTeff[3036/8720] Effective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectivefloatFe/H[-0.35/0.47]? Metallicity (1)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablelogg[3.58/5.06] Surface gravity (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatVtTurbulent velocitykm/sphys.veloc.microTurbcharr_TeffReference bibcode to the effective temperaturemeta.ref;pos.framecharr_Fe/HReference bibcode to the metallicity (2)meta.refcharr_loggReference bibcode to the surface gravitymeta.ref;pos.framechar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/163/228/table4Limb darkening coefficients calculated using different methods for quadratic lawrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the host starmeta.id;meta.maincharu1-j[0.13/1.35] u1 determined from juliet analysisphot.limbDarkfloatu1-j-p[0.01/0.54] upper band of 68% credibilityphot.limbDarkfloatu1-j-n[0.01/0.83] lower band of 68% credibilityphot.limbDarkfloatu2-j[-0.41/0.57] u2 determined from juliet analysisphot.limbDarkfloatu2-j-p[0.02/0.57] upper band of 68% credibilityphot.limbDarkfloatu2-j-n[0.02/0.47] lower band of 68% credibilityphot.limbDarkfloatu1-code-ata[0.14/0.54] u1 from EJ15 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu2-code-ata[0.13/0.44] u2 from EJ15 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu1-code-pho[0.12/0.5] u1 from EJ15 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu2-code-pho[0.17/0.56] u2 from EJ15 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu1-cla-ata[0/0.51] u1 from C17 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu2-cla-ata[0/0.4] u2 from C17 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu1-cla-pho[0.01/0.45] u1 from C17 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu2-cla-pho[0.26/0.72] u2 from C17 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu1-cla-pho-r[0.11/0.49] u1 from C17 PHOENIX, with r-methodphot.limbDarkfloatu2-cla-pho-r[0.18/0.58] u2 from C17 PHOENIX, with r-methodphot.limbDarkfloatJ/AJ/163/228/table5SPAM limb darkening coefficients calculated using different methods for quadratic lawrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintu2-cla-pho-r[0.10/0.47] u2 from C17 PHOENIX, with r-methodphot.limbDarkfloatNameName of the host starmeta.id;meta.maincharu1-code-ata[0.16/0.58] u1 from EJ15 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu2-code-ata[0.06/0.47] u2 from EJ15 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu1-code-pho[0.17/0.55] u1 from EJ15 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu2-code-pho[0.09/0.47] u2 from EJ15 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu1-cla-ata[-0.09/0.55] u1 from C17 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu2-cla-ata[-0.01/0.5] u2 from C17 ATLASphot.limbDarkfloatu1-cla-pho[0.16/0.54] u1 from C17 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu2-cla-pho[0.11/0.47] u2 from C17 PHOENIXphot.limbDarkfloatu1-cla-pho-r[0.16/0.54] u1 from C17 PHOENIX, with r-methodphot.limbDarkfloatJ/AJ/163/228/table6Retrieved planetary parameters along with their literature valuesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullabler_Rp/R*Reference bibcode for literature value of Rp/R*phys.size;arith.ratiocharr_a/R*Reference bibcode for literature value of a/R*phys.size;arith.ratiochare_T0-lit[0/0.19] 1-sigma errors on predicted transit time (1)dstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the planetmeta.id;meta.maincharRp/R*[0.02/0.23] Rp/R* retrieved from this workphys.size;arith.ratiofloatRp/R*-u[0/0.03] Upper 68% credibility band on Rp/R*phys.size;arith.ratiofloatRp/R*-l[0/0.03] Lower 68% credibility band on Rp/R*phys.size;arith.ratiofloata/R*[3.42/39.6] a/R* retrieved from this workphys.size;arith.ratiofloata/R*-u[0.01/4.68] Upper 68% credibility band on a/R*phys.size;arith.ratiofloatT0-lit[332/1254] Transit time (BJD-2458000) predicted from literature (1)dtime.epochdoublea/R*-l[0.01/7.84] Lower 68% credibility band on a/R*phys.size;arith.ratiofloatT0[332/1254] Transit time (BJD-2458000) from this workdtime.epochdoubleT0-u[0/0.06] Upper 68% credibility band on transit timedtime.epochdoubleT0-l[0/0.06] Lower 68% credibility band on transit timedtime.epochdoublerprst[0/0.24] Literature value of Rp/R* (1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatrprst-u[0/0.1] Upper 68% credibility on Rp/R* from literature (1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatrprst-l[0/0.1] Lower 68% credibility on Rp/R* from literature (1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloataste[3.46/38.7] Literature value of a/R* (1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloataste-u[0/2.9] Upper 68% credibility band on literature value of a/R* (1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloataste-l[0/2.9] Lower 68% credibility band on literature value of a/R* (1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatr_T0Reference bibcode for literature value of transit timephys.size;arith.ratiochar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main