J/AJ/163/227ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/163/227doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51630227CDSAngelo I.Naoz S.Petigura E.MacDougall M.Stephan A.P.Isaacson H.,Howard A.W.2022-10-10T13:15:57Z2022-09-29T06:28:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsvariable-starsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocityHighly eccentric orbits are one of the major surprises of exoplanets relative to the solar system and indicate rich and tumultuous dynamical histories. One system of particular interest is Kepler-1656, which hosts a sub-Jovian planet with an eccentricity of 0.8. Sufficiently eccentric orbits will shrink in the semimajor axis due to tidal dissipation of orbital energy during periastron passage. Here our goal was to assess whether Kepler-1656b is currently undergoing such high-eccentricity migration, and to further understand the system's origins and architecture. We confirm a second planet in the system with Mc=0.40{+/-}0.09Mjup and Pc=1919{+/-}27days. We simulated the dynamical evolution of planet b in the presence of planet c and find a variety of possible outcomes for the system, such as tidal migration and engulfment. The system is consistent with an in situ dynamical origin of planet b followed by subsequent eccentric Kozai-Lidov perturbations that excite Kepler-1656b's eccentricity gently, i.e., without initiating tidal migration. Thus, despite its high eccentricity, we find no evidence that planet b is or has migrated through the high-eccentricity channel. Finally, we predict the outer orbit to be mutually inclined in a nearly perpendicular configuration with respect to the inner planet orbit based on the outcomes of our simulations and make observable predictions for the inner planet's spin-orbit angle. Our methodology can be applied to other eccentric or tidally locked planets to constrain their origins, orbital configurations, and properties of a potential companion.2022AJ....163..227Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/163/227CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toIII/159 : Ca II H and K Measurements Made at MWO (Duncan+ 1991)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/707/446 : HAT-P-13 photometry follow-up (Bakos+, 2009)J/A+A/496/513 : RV of 6 stars with long-period giant planets (Moutou+, 2009)J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/A+A/523/A15 : HARPS XXIII; RV data for the 8 targets (Naef+, 2010)J/ApJ/757/18 : Radial velocities 16 hot Jupiter host stars (Albrecht+, 2012)J/A+A/538/A113 : Extrasolar planets. Radial velocities of 8 stars (Diaz+ 2012)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/A+A/571/A37 : KOI-1257 photometric and velocimetric data (Santerne+, 2014)J/ApJS/226/7 : Planet candidates discovered using K2's 1yr (Crossfield+, 2016)J/A+A/588/L6 : WASP-12 transit light curves (Maciejewski+ 2016)J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up observation program I. Imaging (Furlan+, 2017)J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)J/AJ/154/64 : Transit times of Kepler-448b and Kepler-693b (Masuda, 2017)J/AJ/153/142 : Radial velocities systems hosting sub-Saturns (Petigura+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/AJ/156/147 : RV and activity measurements of Kepler-1656 (Brady+, 2018)J/AJ/156/89 : RVs & predicted transittimes for K2-24 system (Petigura+, 2018)J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. Planets (Petigura+, 2018)J/AJ/155/255 : Radial velocity & activity measurements of HATP-11 (Yee+, 2018)J/AJ/158/181 : Radial velocities and S-index values for HR 5183 (Blunt+, 2019)J/ApJS/250/29 : Search for nearby Earth analogs. III. RV sets (Feng+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/227https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/227http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/227https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/227https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/227http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/227GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/163/227/table1Radial velocity and activity measurementsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndex[0/150] Internal index numbermeta.idintBJD[2457521/2459507] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVel[-19.7/30.7] Barycentric radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[1.6/2.8] Uncertainty in RVel (1)m/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatSHK[0.12/0.18] The S_HK_ indexspect.indexfloate_SHK[0.001] Uncertainty in SHKstat.errorfloat