J/AJ/163/218ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/163/218doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51630218CDSHurt S.A.Fulton B.Isaacson H.Rosenthal L.J.Howard A.W.Weiss L.M.,Petigura E.A.2022-10-03T11:18:49Z2022-09-26T07:31:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsm-starsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-astronomyWe perform a detailed characterization of the planetary system orbiting the bright, nearby M dwarf Gliese 411 using radial velocities gathered by APF, HIRES, SOPHIE, and CARMENES. We confirm the presence of a signal with a period near 2900 days that has been disputed as either a planet or a long-period stellar magnetic cycle. An analysis of activity metrics including the H{alpha} and log'R_HK_ indices supports the interpretation that the signal corresponds to a Neptune-like planet, GJ411c. An additional signal near 215 days was previously dismissed as an instrumental systematic, but we find that a planetary origin cannot be ruled out. With a semimajor axis of 0.5142{+/-}0.0042au, this candidate's orbit falls between those of its companions and is located beyond the outer edge of the system's habitable zone (determined using the moist greenhouse and maximum greenhouse limits in Kopparapu et al. 2013). It has a minimum mass of 3.89{+/-}0.84M{Earth}, giving a radial-velocity amplitude of 0.81{+/-}0.18m/s. If confirmed, this would be one of the lowest-amplitude planet detections from any of these four instruments. Our analysis of the joint radial-velocity data set also provides tighter constraints on the orbital parameters for the previously known planets. Photometric data from TESS do not show any signs of a transit event. However, the outermost planet and candidate are prime targets for future direct imaging missions, and GJ411c may be detectable via astrometry.2022AJ....163..218Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/163/218CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)J/A+A/551/A79 : Radial velocity periodic variations {tau}Ceti (Tuomi+, 2013)J/MNRAS/443/2561 : CONCH-SHELL catalog of nearby M dwarfs (Gaidos+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/830/46 : Radial velocities 3 Neptune-mass planet hosts (Fulton+, 2016)J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck radial velocity Exopla Survey (Butler+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)J/A+A/618/A103 : Gl617A and Gl96 radial velocity curves (Hobson+, 2018)J/other/Nat/563.365 : Barnard's star radial velocity curve (Ribas+, 2018)J/AJ/158/181 : Radial velocities & S-index values for HR 5183 (Blunt+, 2019)J/A+A/625/A17 : SOPHIE data of Gliese 411 (Diaz+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A44 : CARMENES M-dwarfs activity indicators (Schoefer+, 2019)J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. KIC (Berger+, 2020)J/A+A/638/A120 : SPHERE maps around Proxima Cen (Gratton+, 2020)J/A+A/636/L6 : HD 158259 SOPHIE radial velocities (Hara+, 2020)J/A+A/643/A112 : CARMENES VIS RVs of 3 M dwarfs (Stock+, 2020)J/AJ/161/86 : Radial velocities of Gl414A with Keck I & APF (Dedrick+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/218https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/218http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/218https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/218https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/218http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/218GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/163/218/table1Radial velocities of Gliese 411recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[2458955/2459256] Barycentric Julian Date BJD-2450000dtime.epochdoubleRVel[-7.14/2.16] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[0.9/4] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatHa[0.08/0.1]? H{alpha} indexspect.indexfloatnullablelogRHK[-5.69/-5.38]? The logR'_HK_ indexphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableInstInstrument (1)meta.id;instrchar