J/AJ/162/61ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/61doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51620061CDSLubin J.Robertson P.Stefansson G.Ninan J.Mahadevan S.Endl M.,Ford E.Wright J.T.Beard C.Bender C.Cochran W.D.Diddams S.A.,Fredrick C.Halverson S.Kanodia S.Metcalf A.J.Ramsey L.Roy A.,Schwab C.Terrien R.2022-03-14T07:00:45Z2021-12-02T08:11:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsm-starsradial-velocityinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyBarnard's star is among the most studied stars given its proximity to the Sun. It is often considered the radial velocity (RV) standard for fully convective stars due to its RV stability and equatorial decl. Recently, an M_sini_=3.3M{Earth} super-Earth planet candidate with a 233day orbital period was announced by Ribas et al. New observations from the near-infrared Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) Doppler spectrometer do not show this planetary signal. We ran a suite of experiments on both the original data and a combined original + HPF data set. These experiments include model comparisons, periodogram analyses, and sampling sensitivity, all of which show the signal at the proposed period of 233days is transitory in nature. The power in the signal is largely contained within 211 RVs that were taken within a 1000 day span of observing. Our preferred model of the system is one that features stellar activity without a planet. We propose that the candidate planetary signal is an alias of the 145day rotation period. This result highlights the challenge of analyzing long-term, quasi-periodic activity signals over multiyear and multi-instrument observing campaigns.2021AJ....162...61Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/162/61CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toI/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)J/ApJS/200/15 : HARPS-TERRA project. I. (Anglada-Escude+, 2012)J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/131 : Long-term monitoring of Barnard's star velocity (Choi+, 2013)J/A+A/566/A66 : Correlation logR'HK with logIH{alpha} (Gomes da Silva+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/45 : Potentially habitable planets orbit. M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation & Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/MNRAS/472/1618 : Kepler study of starspot lifetimes (Giles+, 2017)J/MNRAS/474/2094 : Inferring probabilistic stellar rotat. per. (Angus+, 2018)J/other/Nat/563.365 : Barnard's star radial velocity curve (Ribas+, 2018)J/MNRAS/484/L8 : Correcting HIRES/Keck RVs systematic errors (Tal-Or+, 2019)J/A+A/636/A74 : HARPS radial velocity database (Trifonov+, 2020)J/A+A/639/A77 : Proxima Cen RV, FWHM and fluxes (Suarez Mascareno+, 2020)J/AJ/159/100 : Flux & RVs of the dwarf G9-40 with K2 & HPF (Stefansson+, 2020)J/A+A/649/A6 : Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars -GCNS (Gaia collaboration, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/61https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/61http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/61https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/61https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/61http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/61GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/162/61/table1HPF RV measurements of Barnard's StarrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[2458234/2459092] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVel[-7.55/3.9] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[0.6/4] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatSplitSplit code (1)meta.codechar