J/AJ/162/187ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/187doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51620187CDSMessineo M.Figer D.F.Kudritzki R.-P.Zhu Q.Menten K.M.Ivanov V.D.,Chen C.-H.R.2022-03-14T07:39:47Z2022-02-07T07:45:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starssupergiant-starslate-type-starsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopystellar-spectral-typeseffective-temperatureWe present infrared spectral indices (1.0-2.3{mu}m) of Galactic late-type giants and red supergiants (RSGs). We used existing and new spectra obtained at resolution power R=2000 with SpeX on the IRTF telescope. While a large CO equivalent width (EW), at 2.29{mu}m ([CO,2.29]>~45{AA}) is a typical signature of RSGs later than spectral type M0, [CO] of K-type RSGs and giants are similar. In the [CO,2.29] versus [MgI,1.71] diagram, RSGs of all spectral types can be distinguished from red giants because the MgI line weakens with increasing temperature and decreasing gravity. We find several lines that vary with luminosity, but not temperature: SiI (1.59{mu}m), Sr (1.033{mu}m), Fe+Cr+Si+CN (1.16{mu}m), Fe+Ti (1.185{mu}m), Fe+Ti (1.196{mu}m), Ti+Ca (1.28{mu}m), and Mn (1.29{mu}m). Good markers of CN enhancement are the Fe+Si+CN line at 1.087{mu}m and CN line at 1.093{mu}m. Using these lines, at the resolution of SpeX, it is possible to separate RSGs and giants. Contaminant O-rich Mira and S-type AGBs are recognized by strong molecular features due to water vapor features, TiO band heads, and/or ZrO absorption. Among the 42 candidate RSGs that we observed, all but one were found to be late types. Twenty-one have EWs consistent with those of RSGs, 16 with those of O-rich Mira AGBs, and one with an S-type AGB. These infrared results open new, unexplored, potential for searches at low resolution of RSGs in the highly obscured innermost regions of the Milky Way.2021AJ....162..187Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/162/187CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/mk : Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009-)B/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)III/114 : Spectra of Late-Type Standards, 2.0-2.5 Microns (Kleinmann+ 1986)III/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)III/254 : 2nd Cat. of Radial Velocities Astrometric Data (Kharchenko+, 2007)VI/125 : Theoretical spectra of red giants and supergiants (Lancon+, 2007)V/137 : Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) (Anderson+, 2012)J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models rotation. 0.8<M<120, Z=0.014 (Ekstrom+, 2012)J/A+A/547/A15 : Red supergiants around Stephenson 2 (Negueruela+, 2012)J/A+A/549/A129 : Equivalent widths of cool stars (Cesetti+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/21 : Stellar evolutionary models with 13-120Msun (Chieffi+, 2013)J/A+A/571/A43 : Candidate red supergiants Galactic clusters (Messineo+, 2014)J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)J/AJ/154/259 : Fundamental parameters of Tycho-2 & TGAS stars (Stevens+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A33 : Stellar parameters of 372 giant stars (Stock+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/ApJS/238/29 : IGRINS spectral library (Park+, 2018)J/MNRAS/475/2003 : Red supergiant population in Perseus arm (Dorda+, 2018)J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity Hipparcos stars from Gaia pm anomaly (Kervella+, 2019)J/A+A/626/A20 : MONOS. I. Spectral classifications (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A138 : XSL atmospheric parameters (Arentsen+, 2019)J/AJ/157/167 : Equivalent widths for RSGs in the MW & LMC/SMC (Dicenzo+, 2019)J/AJ/158/20 : K-M stars of classI candidate RSGs in Gaia DR2 (Messineo+, 2019)J/A+A/634/A133 : X-Shooter Spectral Library (XSL). DR2 (Gonneau+, 2020)J/A+A/641/A44 : Dwarfs, giants & supergiants Equivalentwidths (Morelli+, 2020)J/A+A/643/A116 : HR study of massive supergiants in Per OB1 (de Burgos+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/44 : UKIRT obs. of red supergiants in M31 (Neugent+, 2020)J/AJ/161/79 : Red supergiant stars in M31 and M33 (Massey+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/187https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/187http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/187https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/187https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/187http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/187GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/162/187/tablec1 (*Spectral indices of K-M I stars from the IRTF libraries and newly observed K-M stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/187/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/187/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/187/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.126837856.53733110.0055555555555555566/2880 2940 2973 3037 3256-3257 3623 3718 8411 8834 9012 9153 9258 12987 13001 13799 14110 14253 14270 14303 14314 14343 14352 14357 14646 14689 14696 15384 15443 15621 15650 23611 23623 24336 24396 24486 29091 29097 29102 29112-29113 29116 29456 29505 29510-29511 29522 29526 29532-29533 29535 30218-30219 30245 30256 30258-30259 30262 30312 30318-30319 30405 30420 30422 30567 30616 30622 30691 30709 30716 31722 32271 39776 40635https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/162/187?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/162/187/tablec1*Spectral indices of K-M I stars from the IRTF libraries and newly observed K-M starsNewmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObs[2000/2020]? Year of observationtime.epochnullableCa1? Ca 1 0.8498um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_Ca1? Uncertainty in Ca10.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableCa2? Ca 2 0.8542um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_Ca2? Uncertainty in Ca20.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableCa3? Ca 3 0.8662um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_Ca3? Uncertainty in Ca30.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableMg1-0.88? Mg I, 0.88 0.8807um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_Mg1-0.88? Uncertainty in Mg1-0.880.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ1? J1 1.0331um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J1? Uncertainty in J10.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ2? J2 1.0346um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J2? Uncertainty in J20.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ3? J3 1.0400um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J3? Uncertainty in J30.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ4? J4 1.0588um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J4? Uncertainty in J40.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ5? J5 1.0665um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J5? Uncertainty in J50.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ6? J6 1.0730um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J6? Uncertainty in J60.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ7? J7 1.0755um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J7? Uncertainty in J70.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ8? J8 1.0789um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J8? Uncertainty in J80.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ9? J9 1.0874um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J9? Uncertainty in J90.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ10? J10 1.0931um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J10? Uncertainty in J100.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ11? J11 1.1596um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J11? Uncertainty in J110.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ12? J12 1.1613um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J12? Uncertainty in J120.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ13? J13 1.1642um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J13? Uncertainty in J130.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ14? J14 1.1694um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J14? Uncertainty in J140.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ15? J15 1.1786um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J15? Uncertainty in J150.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ16? J16 1.1832um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J16? Uncertainty in J160.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ17? J17 1.1888um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J17? Uncertainty in J170.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ18? J18 1.1977um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J18? Uncertainty in J180.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ19? J19 1.2037um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J19? Uncertainty in J190.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ20? J20 1.2086um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J20? Uncertainty in J200.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ21? J21 1.2826um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J21? Uncertainty in J210.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ22? J22 1.2904um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J22? Uncertainty in J220.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ23? J23 1.2979um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J23? Uncertainty in J230.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ24? J24 1.3127um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J24? Uncertainty in J240.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableJ25? J25 1.3154um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_J25? Uncertainty in J250.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableCO-1.57? CO, 1.57 1.5783um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_CO-1.57? Uncertainty in CO-1.570.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableSiI-1.59? Si I, 1.59 1.5890um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_SiI-1.59? Uncertainty in e_SiI-1.590.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableCO-1.62? CO, 1.62 1.61975m spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_CO-1.62? Uncertainty in CO-1.620.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableSiI-1.64? Si I, 1.64 1.6445um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_SiI-1.64? Uncertainty in SiI-1.640.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableAlI-1.67? Al I, 1.67 1.6762um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_AlI-1.67? Uncertainty in AlI-1.670.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableMgI-1.71? Mg I, 1.71 1.7115um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_MgI-1.71? Uncertainty in MgI-1.710.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableNaI-2.21? Na I, 2.21 2.2075um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_NaI-2.21? Uncertainty in NaI-2.210.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableCaI-2.26? Ca I, 2.26 2.2635um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_CaI-2.26? Uncertainty in CaI-2.260.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableCO-2.29? CO, 2.29 2.2935um spectral index EW0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_CO-2.29? Uncertainty in CO-2.290.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableIndH2O? H_2_O index EW percentage%spect.line.eqWidthfloatnullable_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main2MASSIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryJ/AJ/162/187/table2List of candidate RSGs observed with IRTF/SpeX2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLib[1] Lirary; 1= This workmeta.bibintTeff[3248/3865]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatnullablee_Teff[16/128]? Error on TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableAKs[0.62/3.23]? Ks extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AKs[0.01/0.03]? Error on AKsmagstat.errorfloatnullableDist[0.64/5.24]? Distance from Gaia EDR3kpcpos.distance;src.orbitalfloatnullablee_Dist[-2.11/-0.21]? Negative error on Distkpcstat.errorfloatnullableE_Dist[0.33/24.8]? Positive error on Distkpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableVlsr[-58.82/121.3]? Velocity LSRkm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullablee_Vlsr[0.5/22]? Error on Vlsrkm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullableDkin[1.42/7.07]? Distance (1)kpcpos.distance;src.orbitalfloatnullablee_Dkin[0/1.74]? Negative error on Dkinkpcstat.errorfloatnullableE_Dkin[0/14.25]? Positive error on Dkinkpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableMBol1[6.18/7.79]? Apparent bolometric magnitude (2)magphot.mag.bolfloatnullablee_MBol1[0.05/0.76]? Error on MBolmagstat.errorfloatnullableMBol2[6.22/7.28]? Apparent bolometric magnitude (2)magphot.mag.bolfloatnullablee_MBol2[0.06/0.08]? Error on MBol2magstat.errorfloatnullablesptSpectral type from the referencesrc.spTypecharr_spt[1]? 1 = Messineo+, 2017ApJ...836...65Mmeta.ref;pos.frameintnullablespt2.29Spectral type with EW(CO, 2.29{mu}m)src.spTypecharTCO1[3540/3963]? Temperature CO, 2.29{mu}mKphys.temperatureintnullableTCa[3040/4032]? Temperature Ca, 2.26{mu}mKphys.temperatureintnullableTNa[2876/3907]? Temperature Na, 2.21{mu}mKphys.temperatureintnullableTMg[3294/3839]? Temperature MgI, 1.71{mu}mKphys.temperatureintnullableTSi[3252/3801]? Temperature SiI, 1.64{mu}mKphys.temperatureintnullableTCO2[3269/3912]? Temperature CO, 1.62Kphys.temperatureintnullableNoteNote or commentmeta.notecharSpTAdopted spectral typesrc.spTypechar