J/AJ/162/174ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/174doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51620174CDSCloutier R.Charbonneau D.Deming D.Bonfils X.Astudillo-defru N.2022-03-21T12:16:00Z2022-01-07T08:49:11ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsm-starsdwarf-starsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocityWe present an intensive effort to refine the mass and orbit of the enveloped terrestrial planet GJ1214b using 165 radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph over a period of 10years. We conduct a joint analysis of the RVs with archival Spitzer/IRAC transits and measure a planetary mass and radius of 8.17{+/-}0.43M{Earth} and 2.742-_0.053_^+0.050^R{Earth}. Assuming that GJ1214b is an Earth-like core surrounded by a H/He envelope, we measure an envelope mass fraction of X_env_=5.24_-0.29_^+0.30^%. GJ1214b remains a prime target for secondary eclipse observations of an enveloped terrestrial, the scheduling of which benefits from our constraint on the orbital eccentricity of <0.063 at 95% confidence, which narrows the secondary eclipse window to 2.8hr. By combining GJ1214 with other mid-M-dwarf transiting systems with intensive RV follow up, we calculate the frequency of mid-M-dwarf planetary systems with multiple small planets and find that 90_-21_^+5^% of mid-M dwarfs with a known planet with mass [1,10]M{Earth} and orbital period [0.5,50]days, will host at least one additional planet. We rule out additional planets around GJ1214 down to 3M{Earth} within 10days, such that GJ1214 is a single-planet system within these limits. This result has a 44_-5_^+9^ probability given the prevalence of multiplanet systems around mid-M dwarfs. We also investigate mid-M-dwarf RV systems and show that the probability that all reported RV planet candidates are real planets is <12% at 99% confidence, although this statistical argument is unable to identify the probable false positives.2021AJ....162..174Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/162/174CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toI/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)J/ApJ/736/12 : Transit light curves of GJ1214 (Berta+, 2011)J/A+A/538/A46 : Transit observations of GJ1214b (de Mooij+, 2012)J/A+A/546/A14 : Limb-darkening for CoRoT, Kepler, Spitzer (Claret+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/ApJS/200/15 : HARPS-TERRA project. I. (Anglada-Escude+, 2012)J/A+A/549/A10 : Transits of GJ 1214 (Harpsoe+, 2013)J/A+A/556/A126 : GJ667C Doppler & activity measurements (Anglada-Escude+, 2013)J/A+A/563/A21 : GJ 1214 Trappist and Spitzer light curves (Gillon+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/A+A/575/A119 : HARPS RV and stellar activity (Astudillo-Defru+, 2015)J/A+A/579/A113 : BR light curves of GJ1214b (Nascimbeni+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/2877 : Kepler M dwarf stars revised properties (Gaidos+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A88 : 5 M dwarfs radial velocity curves (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/A+A/605/A92 : GJ 625 HARPS-N data (Suarez Mascareno+, 2017)J/A+A/605/L11 : YZ Ceti radial velocity curve (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018)J/A+A/613/A25 : Radial velocity for Ross 128 (Bonfils+, 2018)J/A+A/614/A35 : Differential photometry of GJ1214 (Mallonn+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A142 : Radial velocity for GJ 1132 (Bonfils+, 2018)J/A+A/620/A171 : Radial velocities of GJ 3779 and GJ 1265 (Luque+, 2018)J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary comp of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)J/AJ/156/82 : RVel characterization of TESS planets (Cloutier+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A17 : SOPHIE data of Gliese 411 (Diaz+, 2019)J/A+A/628/A39 : Radial velocities of GJ 357 (Luque+, 2019)J/A+A/629/A111 : L 98-59 (TOI 175) HARPS observations (Cloutier+, 2019)J/AJ/158/75 : Mid-type Mdwarfs planet occurrence (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)J/AJ/158/133 : Transit timing and light curves for K2-146 (Hamann+, 2019)J/A+A/639/A77 : Proxima Cen RV, FWHM and fluxes (Suarez Mascareno+, 2020)J/A+A/642/A121 : LHS1140 radial velocity data (Lillo-Box+, 2020)J/A+A/642/A236 : GJ 3473 (TOI-488) radial velocity curve (Kemmer+, 2020)J/A+A/643/A112 : CARMENES VIS RVs of 3 M dwarfs (Stock+, 2020)J/AJ/159/211 : Exoplanet parameters from Kepler and K2 (Cloutier+, 2020)J/AJ/160/3 : RVvel of M-dwarf LTT 3780 with HARPS (Cloutier+, 2020)J/AJ/160/22 : TOI-1235 Radial velocities& optical spectro. (Cloutier+, 2020)J/AJ/162/61 : RVel follow up of Barnard's star with HPF (Lubin+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/174https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/174http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/174https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/174https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/174http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/174GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/162/174/table2The raw HARPS RV time series of GJ1214 in the solar system barycentric reference framerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[4993/8729] Barycentric Julian Date; BJD-2450000dtime.epochdoubleRVel[-41/22] Radial velocity (1)m/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[1/13] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatNoteFiber upgrade status; pre or postmeta.note;instr.precisionchar