J/AJ/162/110ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/110doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51620110CDSKrolikowski D.M.Kraus A.L.Rizzuto A.C.2023-04-11T08:20:02Z2021-12-20T07:01:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyextinctionradial-velocitystellar-spectral-typesThe Taurus-Auriga complex is the prototypical low-mass star-forming region, and provides a unique testbed of the star formation process, which left observable imprints on the spatial, kinematic, and temporal structure of its stellar population. Taurus's rich observational history has uncovered peculiarities that suggest a complicated star-forming event, such as members at large distances from the molecular clouds and evidence of an age spread. With Gaia, an in-depth study of the Taurus census is possible, to confirm membership, identify substructure, and reconstruct its star formation history. We have compiled an expansive census of the greater Taurus region, identifying spatial subgroups and confirming that Taurus is substructured across stellar density. There are two populations of subgroups: clustered groups near the clouds and sparse groups spread throughout the region. The sparse groups comprise Taurus's distributed population, which is on average older than the population near the clouds, and hosts subpopulations up to 15Myr old. The ages of the clustered groups increase with distance, suggesting that the current star formation was triggered from behind. Still, the region is kinematically coherent, and its velocity structure reflects an initial turbulent spectrum similar to Larson's Law that has been modified by dynamical relaxation. Overall, Taurus has a complicated star formation history, with at least two epochs of star formation featuring both clustered and distributed modes. Given the correlations between age and spatial distribution, Taurus might be part of a galaxy-scale star-forming event that can only begin to be understood in the Gaia era.2021AJ....162..110Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/162/110CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/220 : Barnard's Catalogue of 349 Dark Objects in the Sky (Barnard, 1927)VII/7 : Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (LDN) (Lynds 1962)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)III/252 : Pulkovo radial velocities for 35493 HIP stars (Gontcharov, 2006)V/146 : LAMOST DR1 catalogs (Luo+, 2015)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/349 : StarHorse, Gaia DR2 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2019)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)J/AJ/140/1214 : Near-IR spectroscopic survey of class I YSOs (Connelley+, 2010)J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)J/MNRAS/416/3108 : Membership of Sco OB2 moving group (Rizzuto+, 2011)J/ApJ/745/119 : Close companions to young stars. I. ChaI & Tau (Nguyen+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic plxs for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/141 : Comp. IR detection limits in young associations (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/760/147 : ^13^CO cores in the Taurus molecular cloud (Qian+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/110 : Early-type stars in Taurus-Auriga (Mooley+, 2013)J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)J/MNRAS/437/1216 : VAST Survey. A-type stars multiplicity (De Rosa+, 2014)J/MNRAS/444/1157 : Members of ONC and Tau-Aur (Davies+, 2014)J/ApJ/799/155 : Sub-stellar companions in Taurus (Daemgen+, 2015)J/ApJS/216/26 : GALEX search for T Tauri Taurus-Auriga (Gomez de Castro+, 2015)J/other/RAA/15.1154 : M-giant star candidates in LAMOST DR 1 (Zhong+, 2015)J/other/RAA/15.1182 : M Dwarf catalog of LAMOST DR1 (Guo+, 2015)J/AJ/153/46 : Spectroscopy of candidate members in Taurus (Luhman+, 2017)J/AJ/154/134 : Planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Taurus SFR (Esplin+, 2017)J/ApJ/838/150 : The Taurus-Auriga ecosystem. I. (Kraus+, 2017)J/A+A/620/A172 : Solar neighbourhood young stars 3D mapping (Zari+, 2018)J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14 Binary comp. of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)J/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN {Sigma} algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)J/ApJ/858/41 : PS1 pm survey for brown dwarfs. I. Taurus (Zhang+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/138 : BANYAN. XIII. Nearby young assoc. with Gaia DR2 (Gagne+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/16 : UV emission of stars in LAMOST. I. Catalogs (Bai+, 2018)J/A+A/630/A137 : Structure and kinematics of the Taurus region (Galli+, 2019)J/AJ/157/196 : Close companions around young stars (Kounkel+, 2019)J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)J/AJ/158/54 : New Taurus membs. from stellar to planet masses (Esplin+, 2019)J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & star formation history of MW (Kounkel+, 2019)J/AJ/159/15 : Binary stars in Upper Scorpius (Tokovinin+, 2020)J/A+A/638/A85 : 3D view of Taurus with Gaia and Herschel (Roccatagliata+, 2020)J/other/NewAR/90.1549 : Catalogue of OB Associations (Wright, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/110https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/110http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/110https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/110https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/110http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/110GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/162/110/table1 (Gaia EDR3 census of the Taurus-Auriga complex)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/110/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/110/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/110/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true58.009424.66310.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/162/110/table2 (Census of the Taurus-Auriga complex without Gaia EDR3 sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/110/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/110/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/110/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true60.383726.1258940.0055555555555555565/262 268-270 278 289 292 5887 6050-6051 6/325 327 331-332 336 340 342 346 350 358-359 364-365 368 374 377 380 382 471 473 478 1024 1026-1027 1029-1031 1033 1036-1037 1039-1040 1042-1043 1045 1047 1052 1054-1055 1057 1060-1062 1066 1068-1069 1071 1084 1093 1095 1098 1101-1102 1104 1106 1108 1110-1111 1119 1121-1124 1129 1131 1133 1136-1137 1154 1160-1161 1164 1166 1174 1176-1177 1180-1181 1198 1223 23517-23519 23527 23533 23542-23543 24105 24107 24138 24169 24184-24185 24187-24189 24193-24195 24198-24199 24219 24221 24225-24226 24232-24233 24235 24241 24245 24249 24268-24270 24273 24276-24277 24281 24286 24289 24291 24294 24297 24300 243151.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/162/110?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/162/110/table1Gaia EDR3 census of the Taurus-Auriga complexBinBinary system flagmeta.code.multipcharAmag[-0.4/13.1]? Extinction in Bandmagphys.absorptionfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintr_BinBinary referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharGaiaGaia EDR3 Source IDmeta.id.crosschar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2016. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2016. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedNameAdopted common namemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRS[58/85] Gaia EDR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[14/34] Gaia EDR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGmag[6.53/21.5]? Gaia EDR3 G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableInternalObject in internal Taurus list ? Yes or Nometa.codecharKraus17Object in sample of Kraus+ 17 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharLuhman18Object in sample of Luhman 18 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharEsplin19Object in sample of Esplin&Luhman 19 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharGalli19Object in sample of Galli+ 19 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharJmag[5.91/16.4]? J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullabler_Jmag[1/2]? Reference for Jmag (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablef_JmagFlag for Jmag ; UL = Upper Limit measurementmeta.codecharRVel[-12/55]? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVel[0.02/30]? Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocdoublenullabler_RVel[1/27]? Reference for RVelmeta.ref;pos.frameintnullableSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypechare_SpType[0.2/5]? Spectral type uncertaintystat.error;src.spTypefloatnullabler_SpType[2/53]? Reference for SpTypemeta.ref;pos.frameintnullablef_SpTypeFlag for SpType (2)meta.codechare_Amag[0.1/1.5]? Uncertainty in Amagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableBandExtinction band; J or Vinstr.bandpasscharr_Amag[2/27]? Reference for Amagmeta.refintnullableX[46/1082]? Galactic X positionpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticdoublenullableY[-154/105]? Galactic Y positionpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticfloatnullableZ[-240/7.6]? Galactic Z positionpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloatnullableU[-12/55]? Galctic U velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullableV[-38/9.6]? Galactic V velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatnullableW[-26/8.9]? Galactic W velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloatnullableGMMAssigned GMM group labelmeta.codecharSysArcSystem architecture overviewmeta.codechar2MASS2MASS Point Source Catalog IDmeta.id.crosscharJ/AJ/162/110/table2Census of the Taurus-Auriga complex without Gaia EDR3 sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameAdopted common namemeta.id;meta.mainchar2MASS2MASS Point Source Catalog IDmeta.id.crosscharRAJ2000[60/77] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[15/31] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainInternalObject in internal Taurus list ? Yes or Nometa.codecharKraus17Object in sample of Kraus+ 17 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharLuhman18Object in sample of Luhman 18 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharEsplin19Object in sample of Esplin&Luhman 19 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharGalli19Object in sample of Galli+ 19 ? Yes or Nometa.codecharJmag[13.7/19.6]? J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullabler_Jmag[1/2]? Reference for Jmag (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablef_JmagFlag for Jmag; UL = upper limit measurementmeta.codecharRVel[-36.9/23.1]? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVel[0.1/19]? Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullabler_RVel[23]? Reference for RVelmeta.ref;pos.frameintnullableSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypechare_SpType[0.5/12]? Lower uncertainty in SpTypestat.error;src.spTypefloatnullableE_SpType[0.5/11]? Upper uncertainty in SpTypestat.error;stat.maxfloatnullabler_SpType[1/53]? Reference for SpTypemeta.ref;pos.frameintnullablef_SpTypeFlag for SpType (3)meta.codecharAmag[0/40.5]? Extinction in Bandmagphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_Amag[0.1/14]? Uncertainty in Amagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableBandExtinction band; J or Vinstr.bandpasscharr_Amag[1/27]? Reference for Amagmeta.refintnullableBinBinary system flagmeta.code.multipcharSysArcSystem architecture overviewmeta.codecharr_BinBinary reference (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/AJ/162/110/refsrvReferences used for radial velocitiesBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCat.Vizier catalogmeta.id;meta.tablecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutorMain autorobs.observercharJ/AJ/162/110/refssptReferences used for spectral typesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutorMain autorobs.observercharBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCat.Vizier catalogmeta.id;meta.tablecharJ/AJ/162/110/refsextReferences used for extinctionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutorMain autorobs.observercharBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCat.Vizier catalogmeta.id;meta.tablecharJ/AJ/162/110/refsbinReferences used for binaritiesRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutorMain autorobs.observercharBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCat.Vizier catalogmeta.id;meta.tablecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint