J/AJ/162/102ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/102doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51620102CDSSalama M.Ou J.Baranec C.Liu M.C.Bowler B.P.Barnes P.Bonnet M.,Chun M.Duev D.A.Goebel S.Hall D.Jacobson S.Jensen-clem R.,Law N.M.Lockhart C.Riddle R.Situ H.Warmbier E.Zhang Z.2023-10-06T06:55:21Z2021-12-16T07:19:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsdwarf-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomystellar-massesWe present results from the Large Adaptive optics Survey for Substellar Objects, where the goal is to directly image new substellar companions (<70M_Jup_) at wide orbital separations (>~50au) around young (<~300Myr), nearby (<100pc), low-mass (~0.1-0.8 M{odot}) stars. We report on 427 young stars imaged in the visible (i') and near-infrared (J or H ) simultaneously with Robo-AO on the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope and later the Maunakea University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope. To undertake the observations, we commissioned a new infrared camera for Robo-AO that uses a low-noise high-speed SAPHIRA avalanche photodiode detector. We detected 121 companion candidates around 111 stars, of which 62 companions are physically associated based on Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motions, another 45 require follow-up observations to confirm physical association, and 14 are background objects. The companion separations range from 2 to 1101 au and reach contrast ratios of 7.7 mag in the near-infrared compared to the primary. The majority of confirmed and pending candidates are stellar companions, with ~5 being potentially substellar and requiring follow-up observations for confirmation. We also detected a 43{+/-}9 M_Jup_ and an 81{+/-}5M_Jup_ companion that were previously reported. We found 34 of our targets have acceleration measurements detected using Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions. Of those, 58_-14_^+12^% of the 12 stars with imaged companion candidates have significant accelerations ({chi}^2^>11.8), while only 23_-6_^+11^% of the remaining 22 stars with no detected companion have significant accelerations. The significance of the acceleration decreases with increasing companion separation. These young accelerating low-mass stars with companions will eventually yield dynamical masses with future orbit monitoring.2021AJ....162..102Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/162/102CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)B/sb9 : 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004-2014)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)V/122 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2005)II/314 : UKIDSS-DR8 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)J/A+A/537/A67 : Multi-purpose Exoplanet Simulation System (Bonavita+, 2012)J/A+A/546/A69 : Orbits of visual binaries and dynamical masses (Malkov+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)J/MNRAS/435/2161 : Catalogue of bright (K<9) M dwarfs (Frith+, 2013)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/119 : Companions to nearby stars from Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2014)J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/96 : Hawaii IR parallax program. II. Ultracool dwarfs (Liu+, 2016)J/A+A/597/A47 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfsII (Cortes-Contreras+ 2017)J/AJ/153/117 : KOIs companions from high-resolution imaging (Hirsch+, 2017)J/AJ/153/212 : Observations of binary stars at WIYN telescope (Horch+, 2017)J/AJ/154/129 : PSYM-WIDE: planetary-mass comp. to YMG members (Naud+, 2017)J/ApJ/844/103 : Orbit alignment in triple stars (Tokovinin, 2017)J/AJ/155/180 : A catalog of cool dwarf targets for the TESS (Muirhead+, 2018)J/ApJ/858/41 : PS1 proper-motion survey brown dwarfs. I. Taurus (Zhang+, 2018)J/ApJS/234/1 : Catalog of M, L, & T dwarfs from PS1 3{pi} Survey (Best+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/16 : UV emission of stars in LAMOST. I. Catalogs (Bai+, 2018)J/AJ/157/78 : Double & multiple star systems GaiaDR2 (Jimenez-Esteban+, 2019)J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar multip. rate of M dwarfs within 25 pc (Winters+, 2019)J/AJ/158/187 : Confirmed members of nearby young moving groups (Baron+, 2019)J/ApJ/871/63 : How to constrain your M dwarf II. Nearby binaries (Mann+, 2019)J/ApJ/877/60 : YMGs. I. Young binaries & lithium-rich stars (Bowler+, 2019)J/AJ/159/63 : New AO obs. exoplanets & brown dwarf companions (Bowler+, 2020)J/AJ/159/139 : Multiple M dwarf stars with Robo-AO & Gaia DR2 (Lamman+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/162/102https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/162/102GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/162/102/table11 (All observed targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/102/table11?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/102/table11?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/162/102/table11?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.19587516.40280560.0055555555555555566/310 318 477 490 518 541 613 633 685 722 752 758 772 781 814 918 1138 1264 1294 1597 1611 2011 2060 2146 2344 2422 2458 2609 2656 2668 2764 2922 2953 3088 3124 3715 4336 4401 4468 4575 4580 4593 4658 4784 4818 4836 4891 4895 4902 4914 4929 4932 4951 4958 4970 4974 4978 4998 5185 5205 5210 5215 5224-5225 5227 5232 5269 5275 5281 5285 5290 5310 5331-5332 5334 5378 5382 5398 5414 5418-5420 5429 5445 5456 5487 5504 5515 5592 5652 5690 5706 5712 5737 5744 5761 5780 5783 5786 5788-5789 5940 6003 6073 6106 6227 6285 6305 6432 6449 6463 6487 6705 6889 6943 6980 7454 7497 7509 7810 8292 8387 8417 8444 8510 8574 8617 8627 8657 8666 8676 8776 8786 8794 8879 8888 8910 8920 8928 8938 8972 9012-9013 9100 9150 9181 9215 9239 9268 9270 9289 9311 9316 9360-9361 9377-9378 9400 9409 9411 9415 9422 9428 9432 9445 9460 9481 9506 9529-9530 9591 9610 9621 9638 9747 9759 9780 9797 9827 9839 9858 9875 9919-9920 9954 9969 10052 10072 10079 10193 10225 10246 10250 10281 10303 10305 10318 10408 10495 10575 10598 10602 10644 10673 10720 10736 10738 10766 10788 10893 10907 10918 11029 11062 11111 11126 11137 11283 11352 11391 11447 11466 11787 11806 12306-12307 12330 12388 12621 12626 12738 12768 12889 12924 13092 13152-13153 13192 13213 13343 13351 13443-13444 13525 13536 13559 13639 13748 13792 13900 14145 14373 14450 14515 14772 14935 14994 15148 15153 15160 15243 15824 15896 15963 17107 17619 18128 18161 18270 18295 18354 18366 18743 18802 18902 19064 19281 19382 19446 19546 19597 19612 19658 19699 19701 19751 19770 19791 19852 19877 19890 19955 19977 20060 20110 20131 20134 20227 20262 20268 20377 20381 20470 22461 23388 23391 23505 23539 23757 23798 23867 23985 24053 24169 24192 24200 24236 24246 24255 24731 25470 25575 26055 26388 26394 26618 27109 27207 27399 27431 27465 27611 27644 27792 27856 27858 27912 27952 28018 28023 28052 28060 28091 28124 28132 28146-28147 28180 28184 28279 28341 28468 28477 28483 28491 28495 28506 28515 28520 28535 28565 28589 28591 28604 28611 28621 28637 28662 28668 29198 29326 29353-29354 29958 30176 30200 30705 30726 31148 31327 31423 31427 31702 31964 31968 32018 32033 32056 32086 32161 32347 32380 32407 32414 32541 32638-32639 32699 32732 32744 42980 42991 43003 43006-43007 44289 44326 44337 44351 44365 44369 44373 44393 44418 44501 44507https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/162/102?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/162/102/table11All observed targetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_2MASSFlag on 2MASS (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag[5.02/12.3] Apparent J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharPipeReduction pipeline identifiermeta.id;spect.linecharObs[2017/2019] Year of the Observationtime.epochSeeing[0.66/2.47]? Seeingarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableFiltFilter(s) used; i, H or Jinstr.setupcharCon0.5[0.1/4.1]? IR contrast limiting mag at 0.5arcsecmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableCon1[1/6.3]? IR contrast limiting mag at 1arcsecmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableCon2[1.4/8.6]? IR contrast limiting mag at 2arcsecmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableCon3[2.2/9]? IR contrast limiting mag at 3arcsecmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableMaxSep[38/2140] Maximum separationAUpos.angDistance;stat.maxintCompCompanion candidate? (Yes)meta.codecharcompsIndicate that a companion has been observed (table6)meta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/162/102/table6Companion candidate detection measurements2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRpm[0.001/1]? Ratio of Gaia DR2 primary-companion proper motion difference primary proper motionstat.fit.omcfloatnullablePhysPhysical association?meta.codecharf_Phys[bc] Flag on Phys (2)meta.codecharRUWEp[0.9/39]? Renormalized Unit Weight Error primarystat.errorfloatnullableRUWEc[0.9/50]? Renormalized UnitWeight Error companionstat.errorfloatnullableacc[1/1386]? Significance of acceleration between Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 catalogs (3)phys.accelerationfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCompCompanion identifiermeta.id.assoccharConfCompIf >0, confirmed companion properties (table7)meta.numberintnullableCandCompIf >0, candidate companion properties (table8)meta.numberintnullableTriIf >0, indicate a triple companion candidate (table9)meta.numberintnullablef_2MASSFlag on 2MASS (1)meta.codecharSep[0.18/9.74] Separationarcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloate_Sep[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in Separationarcsecstat.errorfloatPA[3.1/360] Position angledegpos.posAngfloate_PA[0.1/21] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatiDmag[0.17/6.5]? Robo-AO i' band magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_iDmag[0./0.6]? Uncertainty in iDelmagmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableJDmag[0.09/7.67]? Robo-AO J band magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_JDmag[0.05/2]? Uncertainty in JDelmagmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableHDmag[0.14/5.8]? Robo-AO H band magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_HDmag[0.09/0.6]? Uncertainty in HDelmagmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableiSNR[7/653]? Detection SNR in Robo-AO i bandstat.snrintnullableJSNR[2/195]? Detection SNR in Robo-AO J bandstat.snrintnullableHSNR[2/218]? Detection SNR in Robo-AO H bandstat.snrintnullableGDmag[-0.76/6.43]? Gaia DR2 magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableRplx[0.0001/1]? Ratio Gaia DR2 primary-companion parallax difference to primary parallaxstat.fit.omcfloatnullableJ/AJ/162/102/table7Binary companion properties: physically associatedi-H[0.4/3.52]? The (i'-H) colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_i-H[0.09/0.3]? Uncertainty in i-Hmagstat.errorfloatnullableLimit[>] Limit flag for the mass value (2)meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharCompCompanion identifiermeta.id.assoccharf_2MASSFlag on 2MASS (1)meta.codecharSep[2.78/1102] SeparationAUpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloate_Sep[0.09/67] Uncertainty in SepAUstat.errorfloatimag[8.4/17.3]? Apparent i' band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0/.6]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[7.04/14.4]? Apparent J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.05/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[7.26/16.1]? Apparent H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.09/0.5]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableiMAG[6.54/16]? Absolute i' band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_iMAG[0/0.6]? Uncertainty in iMagmagstat.errorfloatnullableJMAG[5.19/11.5]? Absolute J band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_JMAG[0.05/2]? Uncertainty in JMagmagstat.errorfloatnullableHMAG[5.08/10.3]? Absolute H band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_HMAG[0.1/4]? Uncertainty in HMagmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_i-J[>] Limit flag on i-Jmeta.code.errorchari-J[0.43/4.88]? The (i'-J) colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_i-J[0.05/0.6]? Uncertainty in i-Jmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_i-H[>] Limit flag on i-Hmeta.code.errorcharLoMass[12/511] Lower mass value (3)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massintUpMass[15/615]? Upper mass value (3)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massintnullableJ/AJ/162/102/table8Binary companion candidate properties: physical association to be confirmedf_2MASSFlag on 2MASS (1)meta.codechar2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharHmag[9.14/13.5]? Apparent H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.1/0.4]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableiMAG[8.3/11.2]? Absolute i' band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_iMAG[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in iMagmagstat.errorfloatnullableJMAG[6.33/11.5]? Absolute J band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_JMAG[0.05/2]? Uncertainty in JMagmagstat.errorfloatnullableHMAG[6.16/9.71]? Absolute H band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCompCompanion identifiermeta.id.assoccharSep[4.32/112] SeparationAUpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloate_Sep[0.2/7] Uncertainty in SepAUstat.errorfloatimag[10.9/17]? Apparent i' band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[8.41/14.4]? Apparent J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.05/0.6]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablee_HMAG[0.1/2]? Uncertainty in HMagmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_i-J[>] Limit flag on i-Jmeta.code.errorchari-J[0.79/5.2]? The (i'-J) colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_i-J[0.06/0.6]? Uncertainty in i-Jmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_i-H[>] Limit flag on i-Hmeta.code.errorchari-H[2.07/3.51]? The (i'-H) colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_i-H[0.1/0.2]? Uncertainty in i-Hmagstat.errorfloatnullableLoMass[13/236] Lower mass value (2)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massintUpMass[51/578] Upper mass value (2)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massintProb[0.74/44]Probability N_background_{>=}1%statfloate_Prob[0.03/0.3] Uncertainty in Prob%stat.errorfloatJ/AJ/162/102/table9Triple companion candidate properties2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCompCompanion identifiermeta.id.assoccharSep[1.93/114] SeparationAUpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloate_Sep[0.05/2] Uncertainty in SepAUstat.errorfloatimag[9.35/13.5]? Apparent i' band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[8.1/11.7]? Apparent J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.07/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableiMAG[9.62/13.7]? Absolute i' band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_iMAG[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in iMAGmagstat.errorfloatnullableJMAG[6.51/11.2]? Absolute J band magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_JMAG[0.07/0.6]? Uncertainty in JMAGmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_i-J[>] Limit flag on i-Jmeta.code.errorchari-J[1.19/3.8]? The (i'-J) colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_i-J[0.07/0.4]? Uncertainty in i-Jmagstat.errorfloatnullableLoMass[13/205] Lower mass value (1)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massintUpMass[54/547] Upper mass value (1)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massintPhysPhysical association? (yes)meta.codecharProb[7.95]? Probability N_background_>=1%statfloatnullablee_Prob[0.13]? Uncertainty in Prob%stat.errorfloatnullable