J/AJ/161/79ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/161/79doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51610079CDSMassey P.Neugent K.F.Levesque E.M.Drout M.R.Courteau S.2021-07-05T12:31:18Z2021-04-21T07:56:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiessupergiant-starsinfrared-photometryeffective-temperatureastronomical-object-identificationstellar-spectral-typesWe identify red supergiants (RSGs) in our spiral neighbors M31 and M33 using near-IR (NIR) photometry complete to a luminosity limit of logL/L{odot}=4.0. Our archival survey data cover 5{deg}^2^ of M31, and 3{deg}^2^ for M33, and are likely spatially complete for these massive stars. Gaia is used to remove foreground stars, after which the RSGs can be separated from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the color-magnitude diagram. The photometry is used to derive effective temperatures and bolometric luminosities via MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The resulting H-R diagrams show superb agreement with the evolutionary tracks of the Geneva evolutionary group. Our census includes 6400 RSGs in M31 and 2850 RSGs in M33 within their Holmberg radii; by contrast, only a few hundred RSGs are known so far in the Milky Way. Our catalog serves as the basis for a study of the RSG binary frequency being published separately, as well as future studies relating to the evolution of massive stars. Here we use the matches between the NIR- selected RSGs and their optical counterparts to show that the apparent similarity in the reddening of OB stars in M31 and M33 is the result of Malmquist bias; the average extinction in M31 is likely higher than that of M33. As expected, the distribution of RSGs follows that of the spiral arms, while the much older AGB population is more uniformly spread across each galaxy's disk.2021AJ....161...79Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/161/79CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/236 : UBVR CCD survey of the Magellanic clouds (Massey+, 2002)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJS/89/85 : Blue and red supergiants in M33 (Ivanov+ 1993)J/ApJ/501/153 : VRB photometry of red supergiants (Massey 1998)J/AJ/126/2867 : Red supergiants in Magellanic Clouds (Massey+, 2003)J/AJ/129/729 : CCD photometry of luminous stars in M33 (Rowe+, 2005)J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)J/ApJ/671/781 : Red supergiants in Sct-Cru Galactic arm (Davies+, 2007)J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in 7 Local Group galaxies (Massey+, 2007)J/A+A/487/131 : JHKs photometry of LPVs in M33 (Cioni+, 2008)J/ApJ/703/441 : Yellow supergiants in M31 (Drout+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/420 : Red supergiants in M31 (Massey+, 2009)J/AJ/142/103 : Cool evolved stars in SAGE-SMC and SAGE-LMC (Boyer+,2011)J/ApJ/733/123 : The Wolf-Rayet content of M33 (NGC 598) (Neugent+, 2011)J/ApJ/750/97 : The yellow and red supergiants of M33 (Drout+, 2012)J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models rot. 0.8<M<120, Z=0.014 (Ekstrom+, 2012)J/ApJ/749/177 : Yellow and red supergiants in the LMC (Neugent+, 2012)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)J/ApJ/758/133 : Metallicity prof. M31 HII regions & PNe (Sanders+,2012)J/A+A/578/A3 : New survey supergiants in MCs (Gonzalez-Fernandez+, 2015)J/ApJ/826/224 : RSG and foreground candidates in M31 (Massey+, 2016)J/AJ/152/62 : LGGS UBVRI photometry of M31 and M33 stars (Massey+,2016)J/MNRAS/475/2003 : Red supergiant population in Perseus arm (Dorda+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC & dSph (Gaia Collaboration+,2018)J/A+A/609/A114 : Local Group AGB & red supergiants (Groenewegen+, 2018)J/A+A/629/A91 : A source catalog for the SMC (Yang+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/79https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/79http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/79https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/79https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/79http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/79GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/161/79/table3 (Photometrically Selected RSGs in M31)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/79/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/79/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/79/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.0534541740.125486110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/161/79/table4 (Photometrically Selected RSGs in M33)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/79/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/79/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/79/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true22.458041731.32338890.0055555555555555565/538 560 677 6/2111 2158 2197 2244 2619 2621 2622 2623 2666 2667 2670 2705 2752 27537.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/161/79?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/161/79/table3Photometrically Selected RSGs in M31recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintName[1/38817] M31RSG identificationmeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[0] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000[39/43] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRho[0.06/2.84] Galactocentric distance (Holmberg radii) (1)pos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatKsmag[6.14/17.5] Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.001/0.9] Ks errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatJmag-Ksmag[0.83/1.9] J-Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.difffloate_Jmag-Ksmag[0.001/1.1] J-Ks errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnObs[0/4] Number of observationsmeta.numberintFlag-Gaia[0/2] Membership based upon Gaia (2)meta.code.memberintAv[0.75/11.28] Adopted V-band extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatTeff[3450/6950] Effective temperature (3)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintLogLum[3.61/9.51] Log luminosity, solar units (4)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatLGGSLGGS Name (if any)meta.id.crosscharVmag[17.25/24.06]? LGGS V mag (if any)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableSpTypeLGGS Spectral type (if any)src.spTypecharGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR2 (I/345) within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/AJ/161/79/table4Photometrically Selected RSGs in M33nObs[0/16] Number of observationsmeta.numberintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintName[1/7088] M33RSG identificationmeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[1] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[29/31] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRho[0.01/3.88] Galactocentric distance (Holmberg radii) (1)pos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatKsmag[12.6/17.5] Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.001/0.2] Ks errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatJmag-Ksmag[0.78/1.79] J-Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.difffloate_Jmag-Ksmag[0.002/0.2] J-Ks errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatFlag-Gaia[0/2] Membership based upon Gaia (2)meta.code.errorintAv[0.75/4.46] Adopted V-band extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatTeff[3600/4750] Effective temperature (3)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintLogLum[3.74/6.02] Log luminosity, solar units (4)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatLGGSLGGS Name (if any)meta.id.crosscharVmag[16.97/23.38]? LGGS V mag (if any)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableSpTypeLGGS Spectral type (if any)src.spTypecharGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR2 (I/345) within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable