J/AJ/161/246ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/161/246doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51610246CDSJontof-Hutter D.Wolfgang A.Ford E.B.Lissauer J.J.Fabrycky D.C.,Rowe J.F.2023-12-20T08:27:38Z2021-09-09T06:36:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsWe identify a set of planetary systems observed by Kepler that merit transit-timing variation (TTV) analysis given the orbital periods of transiting planets, the uncertainties for their transit times, and the number of transits observed during the Kepler mission. We confirm the planetary nature of four Kepler Objects of Interest within multicandidate systems. We forward-model each of the planetary systems identified to determine which systems are likely to yield mass constraints that may be significantly improved upon with follow-up transit observations. We find projected TTVs diverge by more than 90 minutes after 6000 days in 27 systems, including 22 planets with orbital periods exceeding 25 days. Such targets would benefit the most from additional transit-timing data. TTV follow-up could push exoplanet characterization to lower masses, at greater orbital periods and at cooler equilibrium temperatures than is currently possible from the Kepler data set alone. Combining TTVs and recently revised stellar parameters, we characterize an ensemble of homogeneously selected planets and identify planets in the Kepler field with large-enough estimated transmission annuli for atmospheric characterization with James Webb Space Telescope.2021AJ....161..246Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/161/246CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/167 : Transits of PH3 b, c, d through January, 2019 (Schmitt+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/25 : Transit timing variation 15 planetary pairs. II. (Xie, 2014)J/MNRAS/448/1044 : Simulation data 50 planetary model systems (Hansen+, 2015)J/ApJ/825/19 : Mass-radius relationship planets with Rp<4 (Wolfgang+, 2016)J/ApJS/225/9 : Kepler TTVs IX The full long-cadence data set (Holczer+, 2016)J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations of 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)J/A+A/615/A79 : KOINet. Study of exoplanet systems via TTVs (von Essen+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A41 : Photometry of Kepler-9b and c transits (Freudenthal+, 2018)J/ApJ/866/99 : Revised radii of KIC stars & planets Gaia DR2 (Berger+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/MNRAS/488/2836 : ExoMol Molecular linelists. XXXIII. TiO (McKemmish+, 2019)J/AJ/159/57 : HST spectroscopic LCs Kepler 51b & 51d (Libby-Roberts+, 2020)J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. (Berger+, 2020)J/AJ/160/201 : Infrared transmission spectrum for Kepler-79d (Chachan+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/246https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/246http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/246https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/246https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/246http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/246GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/AJ/161/246/table20Transit times for KOI-520 b,c,d,erecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTT-b[65/1523] Transit time, KOI-520 b; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublee_TT-b[0.008/0.04] Measurement uncertainty in TT-bdstat.errordoubleTT-c[65/1507]? Transit time, KOI-520 c; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-c[0.003/0.02]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-cdstat.errordoublenullableTT-d[69/1512]? Transit time, KOI-520 d; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-d[0.004/0.02]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-ddstat.errordoublenullableTT-e[105/1487]? Transit time, KOI-520 e; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-e[0.01/0.04]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-edstat.errordoublenullableJ/AJ/161/246/table21Transit times for KOI-750.02, KOI-750.03, Kepler-662brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTT-02[65/1524] Transit time, KOI-750.02; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublee_TT-02[0.02/0.09] Measurement uncertainty in TT-02dstat.errordoubleTT-03[71/1524]? Transit time, KOI-750.03; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-03[0.02/0.08]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-03dstat.errordoublenullableTT-b[82/1514]? Transit time, Kepler-662 b; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-b[0.005/0.02]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-bdstat.errordoublenullableJ/AJ/161/246/table22Transit times for Kepler-289 b, d, crecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTT-b[65/1483] Transit time, Kepler-289 b; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublee_TT-b[0.005/0.02] Measurement uncertainty in TT-bdstat.errordoubleTT-d[75/1463]? Transit time, Kepler-289 d; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-d[0.003/0.007]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-ddstat.errordoublenullableTT-c[169/1429]? Transit time, Kepler-289 c; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-c[0.0005/0.0009]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-cdstat.errordoublenullableJ/AJ/161/246/table23Transit times for KOI-3503.01, KOI-3503.02recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTT-01[81/1523] Transit time, KOI-3503.01; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublee_TT-01[0.03/0.08] Measurement uncertainty in TT-01dstat.errordoubleTT-02[77/1510]? Transit time, KOI-3503.02; BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoublenullablee_TT-02[0.02/0.07]? Measurement uncertainty in TT-02dstat.errordoublenullable