J/AJ/161/174ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/161/174doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51610174CDSMorello G.Zingales T.Martin-Lagarde M.Gastaud R.Lagage P.-O.2022-01-19T12:27:43Z2021-08-13T07:33:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyThe occurrence of a planet transiting in front of its host star offers the opportunity to observe the planet's atmosphere filtering starlight. The fraction of occulted stellar flux is roughly proportional to the optically thick area of the planet, the extent of which depends on the opacity of the planet's gaseous envelope at the observed wavelengths. Chemical species, haze, and clouds are now routinely detected in exoplanet atmospheres through rather small features in transmission spectra, i.e., collections of planet-to-star area ratios across multiple spectral bins and/or photometric bands. Technological advances have led to a shrinking of the error bars down to a few tens of parts per million (ppm) per spectral point for the brightest targets. The upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is anticipated to deliver transmission spectra with precision down to 10ppm. The increasing precision of measurements requires a reassessment of the approximations hitherto adopted in astrophysical models, including transit light-curve models. Recently, it has been shown that neglecting the planet's thermal emission can introduce significant biases in the transit depth measured with the JWST/Mid-InfraRed Instrument, integrated between 5 and 12{mu}m. In this paper, we take a step forward by analyzing the effects of the approximation on transmission spectra over the 0.6-12{mu}m wavelength range covered by various JWST instruments. We present open-source software to predict the spectral bias, showing that, if not corrected, it may affect the inferred molecular abundances and thermal structure of some exoplanet atmospheres.2021AJ....161..174Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/161/174CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/531/A40 : Transits of WASP-39b (Faedi+, 2011)J/A+A/549/A10 : Transits of GJ 1214 (Harpsoe+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A134 : 4 new WASP transiting close-in giant planets (Hebrard+, 2013)J/ApJ/790/53 : Photometric data of HD 209458b (Zellem+, 2014)J/A+A/602/A107 : 231 transiting planets eccentricity and mass (Bonomo+, 2017)J/A+A/600/L11 : GTC transit light curves of WASP-52b (Chen+, 2017)J/A+A/599/A3 : WASP 127, 136 and 138 RV and light curves (Lam+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A145 : GTC transit light curves of WASP-127b (Chen+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A136 : WASP-18b HST/WFC3 spectroscopic phase curves (Arcangeli+,2019)J/A+A/628/A39 : Radial velocities of GJ 357 (Luque+, 2019)J/MNRAS/485/5168 : Light curves of WASP-74 (Mancini+, 2019)J/AJ/158/243 : A search for multiplanet systems with TESS (Pearson, 2019)J/A+A/640/A112 : TRAPPIST-1 transit timings (Ducrot+, 2020)J/A+A/642/A50 : WASP-74 griz_s_ light curves (Luque+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/174https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/174http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/174https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/174https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/174http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/174GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/161/174/table5 (Transit depth biases and error bars estimated for extreme configurations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/174/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/174/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/174/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true97.636652829.67229610.0055555555555555566/4651 9459 12644 12983 13702 16395 18726 18943 24409 25312 25427 25885 26062 26771 26844 28548 30009 31216 34708 35210 36794 37453 38464 39542 40250 42936 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/161/174?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/161/174/table5Transit depth biases and error bars estimated for extreme configurationsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharTB-Off+Total positive extreme bias offset (1)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_TB-Off+[b] Flag on TB-Off+ (2)meta.codecharTB-Off-Total negative extreme bias offset (1)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_TB-Off-[b] Flag on TB-Off- (2)meta.codecharTB-Amp+Total positive extreme bias amplitude (3)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_TB-Amp+[b] Flag on TB-Amp+ (2)meta.codecharTB-Amp-Total negative extreme bias amplitude (3)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_TB-Amp-[b] Flag on TB-Amp- (2)meta.codecharSB-Off+Self-blend positive extreme bias offset (1)(10-6)stat.errordoubleSB-Off-Self-blend negative extreme bias offset (1)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_SB-Off-[b] Flag on SB-Off- (2)meta.codecharSB-Amp+Self-blend positive extreme bias amplitude (3)(10-6)stat.errordoubleSB-Amp-Self-blend negative extreme bias amplitude (3)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_SB-Amp-[b] Flag on SB-Amp- (2)meta.codecharError[7/299] Error Bar(10-6)stat.errorintlikelymeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/161/174/table4Transit depth biases and error bars estimated for the most likely configurationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharTB-OffTotal most likely bias offset (1)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_TB-Off[b] Flag on TB-Off (2)(10-6)meta.codecharTB-AmpTotal most likely bias amplitude (3)(10-6)stat.errordoublef_TB-Amp[b] Flag on TB-Amp (2)(10-6)meta.codecharSB-OffSelf-blend most likely bias offset (1)(10-6)stat.errordoubleSB-AmpSelf-blend most likely bias amplitude (3)(10-6)stat.errordoubleError[7/143] Error bar(10-6)stat.errorint