J/AJ/160/12ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/12doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51600012CDSDixon D.Tayar J.Stassun K.G.2022-09-26T06:40:57Z2020-10-16T11:15:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsspectroscopyultraviolet-astronomyinfrared-photometryMain-sequence stars exhibit a clear rotation-activity relationship, in which rapidly rotating stars drive strong chromospheric/coronal ultraviolet and X-ray emission. While the vast majority of red giant stars are inactive, a few percent exhibit strong ultraviolet emission. Here we use a sample of 133 red giant stars observed by Sloan Digital Sky Survey APOGEE and Galaxy Evolution Explorer to demonstrate an empirical relationship between near-UV (NUV) excess and rotational velocity (vsini). Beyond this simple relationship, we find that NUV excess also correlates with rotation period and with Rossby number in a manner that shares broadly similar trends to those found in M dwarfs, including activity saturation among rapid rotators. Our data also suggest that the most extremely rapidly rotating giants may exhibit so-called supersaturation, which could be caused by centrifugal stripping of these stars rotating at a high fraction of breakup speed. As an example application of our empirical rotation-activity relation, we demonstrate that the NUV emission observed from a recently reported system comprising a red giant with a black hole companion is fully consistent with arising from the rapidly rotating red giant in that system. Most fundamentally, our findings suggest a common origin of chromospheric activity in rotation and convection for cool stars from main sequence to red giant stages of evolution.2020AJ....160...12Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/160/12CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/312 : GALEX-DR5 (GR5) sources from AIS and MIS (Bianchi+ 2011)J/A+AS/139/433 : RV and vsini of evolved stars (de Medeiros+ 1999)J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/AJ/139/1338 : UV-selected stars in Tau and Upper Sco (Findeisen+, 2010)J/ApJ/732/39 : Rotational velocities of K giant stars (Carlberg+, 2011)J/MNRAS/411/2099 : Fast-rotating M-dwarf stars in NGC 2547 (Jeffries+, 2011)J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with rotation periods & X-ray lum. (Wright+, 2011)J/AJ/146/133 : Stellar param. from SDSS-III APOGEE DR10 (Meszaros+, 2013)J/ApJ/807/82 : Rotational velocities of APOKASC red giants (Tayar+, 2015)J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for 15 APOGEE chem. elements (Garcia+, 2016)J/MNRAS/463/1844 : M dwarfs rotation-activity relation (Stelzer+, 2016)J/A+A/605/A111 : Surface rotation of Kepler red giant stars (Ceillier+, 2017)J/AJ/154/94 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Majewski+, 2017)J/AJ/154/259 : Fundamental param. of Tycho-2 & TGAS stars (Stevens+, 2017)J/A+A/612/A48 : 4 oxygen-rich evolved stars NH3 spectra (Wong+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/16 : UV emission of stars in LAMOST. I. Catalogs (Bai+, 2018)J/ApJS/239/32 : APOKASC-2 catalog Kepler evolved stars (Pinsonneault+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/12https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/12GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/160/12/table1 (Stellar parameters used to derive the NUV excess)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/12/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/12/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/12/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.390083355.82741670.0055555555555555566/479 526 1427 1957 2429 2990 2998 4631 4672 4851 4857 4861-4862 4935 5026 5032 5753 5840 5910 5954 5967 5981 6148-6149 6209 6397 6409 6534 6586 6649 6693 6721 6767 6997 7741 7779 8088 8567 8961 9009 9011 9044 9257 9373 9435 9438 9505 9932 9966 9999 10144 10189 10205 10308 10636 10676 10889 10912 11047 11322 11740 11764-11765 11987 12952 13160 13758-13759 14199 14584 14754 14794 14934 14959 14961 14969 15126 15135 15148 15295 15500 15531 18094 18418 19021 19087 19089 19225 19687 19769 19772 19972 19981 21728 22177 22316 23187 23913 24118 24290 24306 25348 25350 25385 25490 25591 25843 26118 26121 26182 26252 26542 26603 26677 26915 26967 27022 27026 27034 27944 27947 29325 30178 30373 30768 31138 31578 40739 40817 408228.650015785639275e-20 9.736485774071566e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/160/12?format=asciiUVInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/160/12/table1Stellar parameters used to derive the NUV excessSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEAPOGEE 2MASS position based identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchar2MASSDisplay data from 2MASS (II/246) within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableLOC[2001/5162] APOGEE field location numbermeta.id;obs.fieldintTeff[3929/5186] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatlogg[2.31/3.29] Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatvsini[1.4/94.07] Rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloate_vsini[0.0/33.94] Uncertainty in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatJmag[7.65/12.66] 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.02/0.04] Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatKsmag[7.01/12.0] 2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.02/0.04] Uncertainty in Ksmasmagstat.error;phot.magfloatGALEXDisplay data from GALEX (II/312) within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableNUVmag[14.3/22.51] GALEX NUV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UVfloate_NUVmag[0.0/0.51] Uncertainty in NUVmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloat_RAPosition from 2MASS name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from 2MASS name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main