J/AJ/160/108ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/108doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51600108CDSBerger T.A.Huber D.Gaidos E.van Saders J.L.Weiss L.M.2022-06-03T06:10:45Z2020-11-05T13:49:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsgiant-starsinfrared-astronomyvisible-astronomyStudies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using the Gaia Data Release 2 by Berger et al., we recompute Kepler planet radii and incident fluxes and investigate their distributions with stellar mass and age. We measure the stellar mass dependence of the planet radius valley to be dlogR_p/d_logM_{star}_=0.26_-0.16_^+0.21^, consistent with the slope predicted by a planet mass dependence on stellar mass (0.24-0.35) and core-powered mass loss (0.33). We also find the first evidence of a stellar age dependence of the planet populations straddling the radius valley. Specifically, we determine that the fraction of super-Earths (1-1.8{R_{Earth}_) to sub-Neptunes (1.8-3.5R_{Earth}_) increases from 0.61{+/-}0.09 at young ages (<1Gyr) to 1.00{+/-}0.10 at old ages (>1Gyr), consistent with the prediction by core-powered mass loss that the mechanism shaping the radius valley operates over Gyr timescales. Additionally, we find a tentative decrease in the radii of relatively cool (Fp<150{F}_{Earth}_) sub-Neptunes over Gyr timescales, which suggests that these planets may possess H/He envelopes instead of higher mean molecular weight atmospheres. We confirm the existence of planets within the hot sub-Neptunian "desert" (2.2R_{Earth}_<Rp<3.8R_{Earth}_, Fp>650F_{Earth}_) and show that these planets are preferentially orbiting more evolved stars compared to other planets at similar incident fluxes. In addition, we identify candidates for cool (Fp<20F_{Earth}_) inflated Jupiters, present a revised list of habitable zone candidates, and find that the ages of single and multiple transiting planet systems are statistically indistinguishable.2020AJ....160..108Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/160/108CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/107 : Spectroscopy of faint KOI stars (Everett+, 2013)J/ApJ/775/L11 : Stellar rotation periods for KOIs (McQuillan+, 2013)J/ApJ/780/159 : Rotation-mass-age relation. old field stars (Epstein+, 2014)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/2 : Stellar properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet cand. host stars (Law+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/ApJ/801/3 : Rotation periods for Q3-Q14 KOIs (Mazeh+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/100 : Deep GALEX NUV survey of the Kepler field. I. (Olmedo+,2015)J/MNRAS/452/2127 : Fundamental parameters of Kepler stars (Silva Aguirre+,2015)J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metallicity relation giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up obs. program. I. Imaging (Furlan+, 2017)J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plxs from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised stellar properties of Q1-17 Kepler (Mathur+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/ApJ/855/115 : Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra (Berger+, 2018)J/ApJ/866/99 : Radii of KIC stars & planets using Gaia DR2 (Berger+, 2018)J/MNRAS/479/5491 : Absolute parameters of 509 main-sequence stars (Eker+, 2018)J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey. VII. Planet radius (Fulton+, 2018)J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. Planets (Petigura+,2018)J/ApJS/239/32 : APOKASC-2 catalog Kepler evolved stars (Pinsonneault+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planet. cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+,2018)J/AJ/157/143 : Kepler GK dwarf planet candidate samples (Burke+, 2019)J/AJ/158/227 : Asteroseismic parameters of RGB stars (Grunblatt+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A85 : Evolut. models of cold and low-mass planets (Linder, 2019)J/ApJ/875/29 : Spectroscopic analysis of the CKS sample I. (Martinez+,2019)J/AJ/157/145 : HIRES RVs of 3 compact, multiplanet systems (Mills+, 2019)J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar prop. cat. I. KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)J/AJ/160/3 : RVs of M-dwarf LTT 3780 with HARPS (Cloutier+, 2020)J/AJ/159/211 : Exoplanets parameters from Kepler and K2 (Cloutier+, 2020)J/ApJS/247/28 : K2 star param. from Gaia & LAMOST (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2020)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archive homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/108https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/108http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/108https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/108https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/108http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/108GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/160/108/table1 (Planet parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/108/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/108/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/108/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.8084949.31641420.0055555555555555564/922-923 933-935 944-946 5/3645-3647 3683 3704 3706 3729-3731 3788-3789 3792 6/14567 14573 14575 14577-14579 14730-14731 14744 14746 14749-14751 14792 14794-14795 14828 14830 14914-14915 15040-15041 15043-15044 15057 15059-15062 15160-15161 15172-15174 15176 15178 15200 15232-15233https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/160/108?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/160/108/table1Planet parametersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler input catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainint_RAPositions of the star from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPositions of the star from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullablePDPlanet Disposition (1878 candidates and 2020 confirmed)meta.codecharKOIKepler object of interest planet IDmeta.id.assocfloatKOIsDisplay data from Kepler planetary candidates (J/ApJS/217/31) within 5"meta.ref.urlintnullableRadius[0.28/77247] Planet Radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusdoubleE_Radius[0.01/33204] Upper uncertainty on Radius(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Radius[0.01/22537] Lower uncertainty on Radius(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusdoublea[0.006/2.76]? Semi-major axisauphys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloatnullableE_a[0.0001/0.14]? Upper uncertainty on aaustat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_a[0.0001/0.14]? Lower uncertainty on aaustat.errorfloatnullableFlux[0.03/165894]? Incident FluxEarthphot.fluxdoublenullableE_Flux[0/17898]? Upper uncertainty on FluxEarthstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_Flux[0/13972]? Lower uncertainty on FluxEarthstat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullableZAMSFlux[0.02/104977] Zero Age Main Sequence fluxEarthphot.fluxdoubleFlagInteresting Object Flag (1)meta.code.errorchar