J/AJ/159/281ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/281doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51590281CDSGilbert G.J.Fabrycky D.C.2021-12-07T21:28:29Z2020-09-16T09:21:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsstellar-massesexoplanetsvisible-astronomyWe propose several descriptive measures to characterize the arrangements of planetary masses, periods, and mutual inclinations within exoplanetary systems. These measures are based on complexity theory and capture the global, system-level trends of each architecture. Our approach considers all planets in a system simultaneously, facilitating both intrasystem and intersystem analysis. We find that based on these measures, Kepler's high-multiplicity (N>=3) systems can be explained if most systems belong to a single intrinsic population, with a subset of high-multiplicity systems (~20%) hosting additional, undetected planets intermediate in period between the known planets. We confirm prior findings that planets within a system tend to be roughly the same size and approximately coplanar. We find that forward modeling has not yet reproduced the high degree of spacing similarity (in log- period) actually seen in the Kepler data. Although our classification scheme was developed using compact Kepler multis as a test sample, our methods can be immediately applied to any other population of exoplanetary systems. We apply this classification scheme to 1- quantify the similarity between systems, 2- resolve observational biases from physical trends, 3- identify which systems to search for additional planets and where to look for these planets.2020AJ....159..281Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/159/281CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)J/MNRAS/410/166 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 1 (Lintott+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's cand. multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJ/763/41 : Kepler multiple-candidate systems radii (Ciardi+, 2013)J/MNRAS/435/2835 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 2 (Willett+, 2013)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/MNRAS/448/3608 : Titius-Bode-based exoplanet predictions (Bovaird+, 2015)J/ApJ/825/19 : Mass-radius relation for planets with Rp<4 (Wolfgang+, 2016)J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius of planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+,2017)J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up obs. program. I. Imaging (Furlan+, 2017)J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey. II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)J/A+A/605/A72 : Planetary systems AMD-stability (Laskar+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey. VII. Planet radius (Fulton+, 2018)J/AJ/155/205 : Occurrence rates Q1-Q16 KOI catalog planet cand. (Hsu+,2018)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planet cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses & radii (Weiss+, 2018)J/AJ/158/109 : Occurrence rates of planets orbiting FGK stars (Hsu+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/281https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/281http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/281https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/281https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/281http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/281GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/159/281/table1 (Summary of system-level measures)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/281/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/281/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/281/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.386014241.99026220.0055555555555555565/3646 3689-3690 3694 3706 3733-3735 3741 3776 3778 3782 6/14573 14578-14579 14581-14583 14588 14591 14730-14731 14733-14734 14744 14746 14751-14753 14755 14765-14768 14770-14772 14774 14781-14783 14792 14794 14816 14818-14819 14828 14830 14914 14918-14921 14923-14925 14929-14931 14946-14950 14952-14953 14955 14959-14962 14968-14969 14971-14973 15041 15044 15060-15062 15109-15110 15116 15118-15120 15122-15123 15125-15127 15133-15134 15136-15137 15139-15142 15145-15150 15153-15158 15169-15172 15174 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/159/281?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/159/281/table1Summary of system-level measuresN[2/7] Multiplicitymeta.code.multipintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest (KOI) number (1)meta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR1 within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullablelogMdyn[-5.86/-3.12] Log dynamical mass (log_10_{mu})phys.massfloatQ[0/0.98] Mass partitioningphys.massfloatM[-0.92/0.99] Monotonicitysrc.morph.paramfloatS[3.9/91.4] Characteristic spacingsrc.morph.paramfloatC[0/0.94]? Gap complexitysrc.morph.paramfloatnullablef[0/0.64] Flatnesssrc.morph.paramfloatpop? Population assignment via clustering (2)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main