J/AJ/159/242ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/242doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51590242CDSWeiss L.M.Fabrycky D.C.Agol E.Mills S.M.Howard A.W.Isaacson H.,Petigura E.A.Fulton B.Hirsch L.Sinukoff E.2021-09-13T14:37:47Z2020-07-02T12:59:59ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsvariable-starsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyspectroscopyWe present the discovery of Kepler-88d (P_d_=1403{+/-}14days, Msin_i_d__=965{+/-}44M_{Earth}_=3.04{+/-}0.13M_J_, e_d_=0.41{+/-}0.03) based on six years of radial velocity (RV) follow-up from the W.M.Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer spectrograph. Kepler-88 has two previously identified planets. Kepler-88b (KOI-142.01) transits in the NASA Kepler photometry and has very large transit timing variations (TTVs). Nesvorny+, performed a dynamical analysis of the TTVs to uniquely identify the orbital period and mass of the perturbing planet (Kepler-88c), which was later was confirmed with RVs from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP). To fully explore the architecture of this system, we performed photodynamical modeling on the Kepler photometry combined with the RVs from Keck and OHP and stellar parameters from spectroscopy and Gaia. Planet d is not detectable in the photometry, and long-baseline RVs are needed to ascertain its presence. A photodynamical model simultaneously optimized to fit the RVs and Kepler photometry yields the most precise planet masses and orbital properties yet for b and c: P_b_=10.91647{+/-}0.00014days, M_b_=9.5{+/-}1.2M_{Earth}_, P_c_=22.2649{+/-}0.0007days, and M_c=214.0{+/-}5.3M_{Earth}_. The photodynamical solution also finds that planets b and c have low eccentricites and low mutual inclination, are apsidally anti-aligned, and have conjunctions on the same hemisphere of the star. Continued RV follow-up of systems with small planets will improve our understanding of the link between inner planetary system architectures and giant planets.2020AJ....159..242Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/159/242CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/A+A/363/1081 : Non-linear limb-darkening law for LTE models (Claret 2000)J/A+A/414/351 : ELODIE survey northern extrasolar planets III (Naef+, 2004)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/ApJ/693/1084 : Ten new and updated multiplanet systems (Wright+, 2009)J/ApJS/197/2 : Transit timing observations from Kepler. I. (Ford+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJ/750/113 : Kepler TTVs. II. Confirmed multiplanet systems (Ford+, 2012)J/ApJ/759/19 : Precise radial velocities of {rho}^1^ Cancri (Endl+, 2012)J/MNRAS/421/2342 : 4 Kepler systems transit timing observations (Steffen+,2012)J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/47 : 106 Kepler ultra-short-period planets (Sanchis-Ojeda+, 2014)J/ApJ/821/89 : 12yrs of RVs obs. of exoplanet systems (Bryan+, 2016)J/ApJS/225/9 : Kepler TTVs. IX. The long-cadence data set (Holczer+, 2016)J/A+A/586/A93 : WASP41 and WASP47 photo. and RV data (Neveu-VanMalle+, 2016)J/AJ/154/237 : HARPS-N radial velocities of WASP-47 (Vanderburg+, 2017)J/A+A/615/A90 : Kepler-419 radial velocities (Almenara+, 2018)J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey VII. Planet rad. gap (Fulton+,2018)J/AJ/157/52 : Radial velocity obs. in super-Earth systems (Bryan+, 2019)J/AJ/157/235 : Observations of the Kepler field with TESS (Christ+, 2019)J/AJ/157/145 : HIRES RVs of 3 compact, multiplanet systems (Mills+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/242https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/242http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/242https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/242https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/242http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/242GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/159/242/table1Kepler-88 RVsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[1575/4014] Barycentric Julian Date BJD-2454900dtime.epochdoubleRV[-86.7/80.2] Radial velocity (1)m/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RV[2.1/16.0] Uncertainty in RV (2)m/sstat.errorfloatSHK[0.1178/0.208]? The Mt. Wilson S_HK_ valuespect.indexfloatnullableInstInstrument; HIRES or SOPHIEmeta.id;instrcharJ/AJ/159/242/table6Kepler-88b transit times and velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch[0/451] Epoch numbermeta.id;meta.mainintT0[55.08/4996] Transit midepoint time; BJD-2454900time.epochdoublee_T0[0.0002/0.0344] Uncertainty in T0stat.errorfloatb[0.0016/0.0031] Impact parameterAUsrc.impactParamfloate_b[0.0001/0.0002] Uncertainty in bAUstat.errorfloatVel[0.0507/0.0578] Planet velocityAU/dphys.velocfloate_Vel[0.0004/0.0005] Uncertainty in VelAU/dstat.errorfloat