J/AJ/159/153ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/153doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51590153CDSPanja A.Mondal S.Dutta S.Joshi S.Lata S.Das R.2022-11-04T06:42:00Z2020-05-25T08:50:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionsstar-forming-regionsyoung-stellar-objectsstellar-distanceinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryh-alpha-photometryWe present here identification and characterization of the young stellar population associated with an active star-forming site Sh2-242. We used our own new optical imaging and spectroscopic observational data, as well as several archival catalogs, e.g., Pan-STARRS-1, Gaia-DR2, Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric H-Alpha Survey (IPHAS), Wide-field InfraRed Camera, 2MASS, and Spitzer. Slit spectroscopic results confirm the classification of the main ionizing source BD+26980 as an early-type star of spectral type B0.5V. The spectrophotometric distance of the star is estimated as 2.08{+/-}0.24kpc, which confirms the source as a member of the cluster. An extinction map covering a large area (diameter ~50') is generated with H and K photometry toward the region. From the map, three distinct locations of peak extinction complexes (A_V_~7-17mag) are identified for the very first time. Using the infrared color excess, a total of 33 Class I and 137 Class II young objects are classified within the region. The IPHAS photometry reveals classification of 36 H{alpha} emitting sources, which might be class II objects. Among 36 H{alpha} emitting sources, 5 are already identified using infrared excess emission. In total, 201 young objects are classified toward S242 from this study. The membership status of the young sources is further windowed with the inclusion of parallax from the Gaia DR2 catalog. Using the optical and infrared color-magnitude diagrams, the young stellar objects are characterized with an average age of ~1Myr and masses in the range 0.1-3.0M_{sun}_.2020AJ....159..153Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/159/153CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/92 : A Library of Stellar Spectra (Jacoby+ 1984)III/195 : Atlas of Optical Spectral Classification OB Stars (Walborn+, 1990)II/183 : UBVRI Photometric Standards (Landolt 1992)III/181 : Near Infrared Spectra of Normal Stars (Torres-Dodgen+ 1993)III/179 : Southern MK Standards 5800-10200A (Danks+ 1994)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+, 2003)II/321 : IPHAS DR2 Source Catalogue (Barentsen+, 2014)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers, 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/109/1379 : Praesepe & M 67 spectral standards (Allen+ 1995)J/AJ/118/1043 : Herbig Ae/Be stars catalog (Herbst+, 1999)J/AJ/120/333 : UBVRI and H{alpha} in NGC 6530 (Sung+, 2000)J/ApJ/581/1194 : Taurus-Auriga PMS stars ages and Teff (Palla+, 2002)J/AJ/126/1916 : JHK photometry of young clusters near the Sun (Porras+,2003)J/A+A/468/1009 : Star formation in Perseus. II. (Hatchell+, 2007)J/ApJ/682/445 : Spitzer observations of S254-S258 (Chavarria+, 2008)J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJ/720/679 : Optical spectroscopy in Cygnus X region (Beerer+, 2010)J/ApJS/187/251 : Ultradeep Ks imaging in the GOODS-N (Wang+, 2010)J/MNRAS/415/103 : IPHAS T Tauri candidates in IC 1396 (Barentsen+, 2011)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/MNRAS/432/3445 : YSOs on HII complex Sh2-252 (Jose+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJS/212/1 : The WISE catalog of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/111 : Morph. of candidate intermediate-mass SFRs (Lundquist+,2014)J/MNRAS/454/3597 : NGC 2282 BVI Ha observations (Dutta+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/25 : YSO candidates in W49 observed with Spitzer (Saral+, 2015)J/ApJ/839/108 : YSOs in the star-forming regions W51 & W43 (Saral+, 2017)J/ApJ/864/154 : Planck cold clump G108.37-01.06 YSO candidates (Dutta+,2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/153https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/153GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/159/153/table4 (Details of the spectroscopically observed stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true88.03387527.06545560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/159/153/table5 (Photometric catalog of optically observed point sources towards the S242 region)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.9307127.056651940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/159/153/table6 (Photometric catalog of YSOs towards S242)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true88.0508730626.980658890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/159/153/table7 (Photometric catalog of H{alpha} emitters towards S242)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/153/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true88.0065380626.959366110.0055555555555555566/24376 243783.9193497546148093e-20 1.7798557115773645e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/159/153?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/159/153/table4Details of the spectroscopically observed starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/5] Running sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTMK spectral types estimated from the spectroscopic observationssrc.spTypecharJmag[7.9/10.4] 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.009/0.03] Jmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatHmag[7.309/10.007] 2MASS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.019/0.057] Hmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharKsmag[7.065/9.868] 2MASS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.009/0.023] Ksmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatAv[0.24/3.28] Visual extinction (1)magphys.absorptionfloate_Av[0.02/0.06] Av uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatDM[6.19/11.58]? Distance modulus (1)magphot.mag.distModfloatnullablee_DM[0.04/0.05]? DM uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableDist[173/2076]? Spectroscopic distance of the starpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_Dist[16/239]? Dist uncertaintypcstat.errorintnullableGDist[769/2764] Distance from Gaia DR2 (I/345)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricinte_GDist[32/506] GDist uncertaintypcstat.errorintMmMembershipmeta.code.membercharGaiaDisplay data from the Gaia DR2 catalog (I/345) within 0.3"meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 2"meta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/159/153/table5Photometric catalog of optically observed point sources towards the S242 region4.5mag[6.9/15.5]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5{mu}m band apparent magnitude (G2)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.02/0.1]? Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/503] Running sequence number of the sourcemeta.numberintRAJ2000[87.83/88.16] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[26.88/27.18] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[10/20]? Apparent V band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag[0.003/0.2]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableB-V[0.29/3.2]? The (B-V) color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_B-V[0.004/0.4]? Uncertainty in B-Vmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.BfloatnullableV-I[0.3/3.7]? The (V-I) color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_V-I[0.004/0.2]? Uncertainty in V-Imagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.VfloatnullableJmag[7.9/16.6]? Apparent J band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.009/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[7.3/16]? Apparent H band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKmag[7/15.7]? Apparent K band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.009/0.3]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable3.6mag[6.8/15.5]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6{mu}m band apparent magnitude (G2)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloatnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 2"meta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/159/153/table6Photometric catalog of YSOs towards S242SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClassSource class type ("I", 33 young objects; or "II", 137 young objects)src.classcharSeq[1/137] Running sequence number of the source (1-33 for Class I objects and 1-137 for Class II objects)meta.numberintRAJ2000[87.66/88.28] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[26.77/27.43] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maingmag[14/29.8]? PS1 (II/349) apparent g band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[0.003/0.3]? Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableymag[12.7/20.1]? PS1 (II/349) apparent y band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_ymag[0.002/0.3]? Uncertainty in ymagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[12/20.5]? Apparent J band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.01/0.5]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[11/18.4]? Apparent H band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKmag[10/16.8]? Apparent K band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.009/0.1]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable3.6mag[9/17]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6{mu}m band apparent magnitude (G2)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag[8.6/16.4]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5{mu}m band apparent magnitude (G2)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatnullableDist[163/4869]? Gaia DR2 catalog (I/345) distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_Dist[5/4948]? Uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorintnullablePS1Display data from the Pan-STARRS 1 catalog (II/349) within 0.3"meta.ref.urlcharGaiaDisplay data from the Gaia DR2 catalog (I/345) within 0.3"meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 2"meta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/159/153/table7Photometric catalog of H{alpha} emitters towards S242recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSeq[1/36] Running sequence number of the sourcemeta.numberintRAJ2000[87.65/88.3] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[26.69/27.43] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrmag[15.49/19.93]? IPHAS DR2 (II/321) apparent r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0/0.09]? Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableimag[14.88/19.4]? IPHAS DR2 (II/321) apparent i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0/0.06]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHamag[14.93/19.25]? IPHAS DR2 apparent H{alpha} band magnitudemagphot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_Hamag[0/0.07]? Uncertainty in Hamagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[13.6/17.4]? Apparent J band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[12/16.5]? Apparent H band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKmag[10.9/16.3]? Apparent K band magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDist[89/5615]? Gaia DR2 catalog (I/345) distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_Dist[2/3092]? Uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorintnullableT6Display data from Table 6meta.ref.urlintnullableClassSource class type ("II": 5 objects; or class I)src.classcharGaiaDisplay data from the Gaia DR2 catalog (I/345) within 0.3"meta.ref.urlcharIPHASDisplay data from the IPHAS DR2 catalog (II/321) within 0.3"meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 2"meta.ref.urlchar