J/AJ/158/14ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/14doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51580014CDSNataf D.M.Wyse R.F.G.Schiavon R.P.Ting Y.-S.Minniti D.Cohen R.E.,Fernandez-Trincado J.G.Geisler D.Nitschelm C.Frinchaboy P.M.2020-12-23T07:31:13Z2019-09-03T14:52:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clusterschemical-abundancesradial-velocityeffective-temperatureproper-motionsWe investigate aluminum abundance variations in the stellar populations of globular clusters using both literature measurements of sodium and aluminum and APOGEE measurements of nitrogen and aluminum abundances. For the latter, we show that the Payne is the most suitable of the five available abundance pipelines for our purposes. Our combined sample of 42 globular clusters spans approximately 2 dex in [Fe/H] and 1.5 dex in logM_GC_/M_{sun}_. We find no fewer than five globular clusters with significant internal variations in nitrogen and/or sodium with little to no corresponding variation in aluminum, and that the minimum present-day cluster mass for aluminum enrichment in metal-rich systems is logM_GC_/M_{sun}_~4.50+2.17([Fe/H]+1.30). We demonstrate that the slopes of the [Al/Fe] versus [Na/Fe] and [Al/Fe] versus [N/Fe] relations for stars without field-like abundances are approximately log-linearly dependent on both the metallicity and the stellar mass of the globular clusters. In contrast, the relationship between [Na/Fe] and [N/Fe] shows no evidence of such dependencies. This suggests that there were (at least) two classes of non-supernova chemical polluters that were common in the early universe, and that their relative contributions within globular clusters somehow scaled with the metallicity and mass of globular clusters. The first of these classes is predominantly responsible for the CNO and NeNa abundance variations, and likewise the second for the MgAl abundance variations. Particularly striking examples of this dichotomy include 47 Tuc and M4. As an auxiliary finding, we argue that abundance variations among Terzan 5 stars are consistent with it being a normal globular cluster.2019AJ....158...14Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/158/14CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/A+A/505/139 : Abundances of red giants in 17 globular clustersJ/AJ/146/133 : Stellar parameters from SDSS-III APOGEE DR10J/ApJ/808/16 : The Cannon: a new approach to determine abundancesJ/A+A/590/A9 : RGB stars in Galactic GC stellar parameters (Dias+, 2016)J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for the 15 APOGEE chemical elementsJ/A+A/622/A191 : 885 globular cluster giants abundances (Masseron+, 2019)J/MNRAS/482/5138 : Galactic GC mean proper motions & velocitieshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/14https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/14http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/14https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/14https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/14http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/14GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/158/14/table2 (Parameters for the 28 globular clusters with stars measured in APOGEE DR14 and 11 clusters selected from DR16)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/14/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/14/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/14/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true322.493041712.1670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/158/14/table1 (Parameters and abundances from the Payne for the 1010 stars with spectra from APOGEE DR14 that we associate with Galactic globular clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/14/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/14/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/14/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true53.34096879.5939710.0055555555555555566/3950 9436 9664 9666 10008 10321 10336 10337 12405 12943 19091 21017 25873 27975 27981 27984 27986 27992 28067 28778 28855 28882 28889 28895 28899 28905 29632 29636 30321 30769 31019 31113 31115 31396 31398 31416 31417 33321 33330 34242 37294 38465 42314 42955 47125 48035 48041https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/158/14?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/158/14/table2Parameters for the 28 globular clusters with stars measured in APOGEE DR14 and 11 clusters selected from DR16recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharn_Cluster[ab] Note on Cluster (1)meta.notecharANameAlternative name of clustermeta.idcharN*Number of stars in Table 1 for this clustermeta.numberintnullable[Fe/H][-2.37/-0.11]? Metallicityphys.abund.ZfloatnullableRVmean[-244.4/494.3]? Mean radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;stat.meanfloatnullablesigRV[0.6/19]? Radial velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatnullablepmRA[-12.5/8.3]? Proper motion along RA ({mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta})mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-18.99/0.28]? Proper motion along DE ({mu}_{delta}_)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pm[0.05/0.49]? Uncertainty in proper motionmas/yrstat.errorfloatnullablert[2.1/53.76]? Tidal radiusarcminphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablelogMGC[3.13/6.2]? Log globular cluster mass log_10_(M_GC_/M_{sun}_)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullableNA[0/202]? Number of matches with a reported [Fe/H] measurement from the APOGEE Stellar Parameter and Abundances Pipeline (ASPCAP; Garcia Perez et al. 2016, J/AJ/151/144)meta.numberintnullableNC[1/187]? Number of matches with a reported [Fe/H] measurement from the Cannon pipeline (Ness et al. 2015, J/ApJ/808/16; Casey et al. 2016arXiv160303040C)meta.numberintnullableNP[0/214] Number of matches with a reported [Fe/H] measurement from the Payne pipeline (Ting et al. 2019ApJ...879...69T) NPmeta.numberintNaNN[1/217]? Number of matches with a reported [Fe/H] measurement from the AstroNN pipeline (Leung & Bovy 2019MNRAS.483.3255L)meta.numberintnullableNB[26/218]? Number of matches with a reported [Fe/H] measurement from the Brussels Automatic Code for Characterizing HighaccUracy Spectra pipeline (BACCHUS; Masseron et al. 2016ascl.soft05004M) (2)meta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/158/14/table1Parameters and abundances from the Payne for the 1010 stars with spectra from APOGEE DR14 that we associate with Galactic globular clustersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchar[N/H][-1.96/1.02]? Log N/H abundance (1)log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEAPOGEE identifier (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainClusterCluster identifiermeta.id.parentcharS/N[5/888] Signal-to-noise ratiostat.snrintTeff[3255.9/7644.6]? Effective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectivefloatnullablelog(g)[0.33/4.33]? Log surface gravity (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullable[Fe/H][-1.45/0.24]? Metallicity (1)log(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloatnullable[C/H][-2.24/0.39]? Log C/H abundance (1)log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[O/H][-2.09/0.79]? Log O/H abundance (1)log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Al/H][-2.48/0.48]? Log Al/H abundance (1)log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable