J/AJ/158/122ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/122doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51580122CDSKounkel M.Covey K.2026-01-20T12:12:30Z2019-11-06T07:58:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyopen-star-clustersstellar-associationsstellar-agesgalaxy-classification-systemsastrometryvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxproper-motionsradial-velocityGaia DR2 (Cat. I/345) provides unprecedented precision in measurements of the distance and kinematics of stars in the solar neighborhood. Through applying unsupervised machine learning on DR2's 5D data set (3D position + 2D velocity), we identify a number of clusters, associations, and comoving groups within 1 kpc and |b|<30{deg} (many of which have not been previously known). We estimate their ages with the precision of ~0.15 dex. Many of these groups appear to be filamentary or string-like, oriented in parallel to the Galactic plane, and some span hundreds of parsec in length. Most of these string lack a central cluster, indicating that their filamentary structure is primordial, rather than the result of tidal stripping or dynamical processing. The youngest strings (<100 Myr) are orthogonal to the Local Arm. The older ones appear to be remnants of several other arm-like structures that cannot be presently traced by dust and gas. The velocity dispersion measured from the ensemble of groups and strings increase with age, suggesting a timescale for dynamical heating of ~300 Myr. This timescale is also consistent with the age at which the population of strings begins to decline, while the population in more compact groups continues to increase, suggesting that dynamical processes are disrupting the weakly bound string populations, leaving only individual clusters to be identified at the oldest ages. These data shed a new light on the local galactic structure and a large-scale cloud collapse.2019AJ....158..122Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/158/122CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/585/A101 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. V.J/A+A/591/A37 : Gaia-ESO Survey. Parameters for cluster membersJ/MNRAS/455/3126 : New Galactic star clusters and candidates (Camargo+, 2016)J/A+A/618/A59 : Gaia DR2 confirmed new nearby open clustersJ/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky WayJ/AJ/157/12 : Star clusters, associations, + candidates in the MWhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/122https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/122GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/158/122/table2 (Identified structures and their average properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true315.78191524550.8957828280.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/158/122/table3 (Traces of the strings)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true323.490357.06040.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/158/122/table1 (Clustered sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/122/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true320.572203792954252.07733956606160.0055555555555555562/5 7 14 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32359 32367 32376-32377 32379 32464-32465 32469 32471 32593-32595 32600-32601 32603 32612 32621 32623 32629 32632 32634-32635 32639 32641-32643 32652-32653 32668-32669 32688 32704-32705 32708 32710-32712 32714 32769-32771 32777 32784-32785 32788 32836-32837 32848-32849 34064-34066 34068-34069 34113 34116 34119 34128 34130-34131 34133-34134 34139 34141-34142 34164 34166 36866 36871 36877 36881-36883 36900 36902-36903 36910 36912-36913 36915 36923 36998 37005 37009-37011 37016-37017 37019 37021-37023 37028 37030 37033-37034 37040 37048-37049 37051 37377-37379 37400-37402 37416-37417 37419 37505-37507 37513 37515 37537-37539 37545-37547 37556-37558 37560 37562-37563 38156-38157 38159 38172 38174 38188-38190 38196-38198 38206-38207 38212-38214 38216 38218 38222-38223 38225 38227 38229-38232 38237-38239 38241 38245-38247 38249 38251 38254-38255 38257 38269-38274 38276 38279-38281 38283 38285-38287 38289-38293 38295 38304 38306-38307 38336 38338-38339 38344-38346 38360-38362 38372-38374 38380 38384-38385 38387 38397 38556 38558-38559 38620-38621 38640-38641 38672-38674 38676-38677 38679 38684-38686 38692 38704 38707 38709 38711 38714-38715 38717-38720 38722 38724-38725 38734-38736 38738 38760 38762-38765 38769-38771 38784 38800 38802 38837 38844 38847 38849 38853 38864 38881-38882 38886 38892-38894 38898 38913 38915 38923 38947 38960-38962 38980-38981 38983 38988 38990 39041 39052-39054 39065-39067 39075 39081-39083 39427 39457-39459 39464-39465 39467 39560 39563 39585 39587 39609-39611 39729-39731 40050 40059 40063 40092-40093 40116 40118-40119 40134 40136 40140 40149-40150 40154-40156 40158 40160 40162 40164 40167 40172 40175 40179-40180 40183 40186 40189 40213-40215 40264 40321-40324 40326 40329 40346 40356-40357 40361 40363-40366 40378 40448 40450-40451 40524-40525 40527-40528 40530 40532-40533 40535 40544 40549 40551-40552 40558 40640 40643 40645 40647 40650 40655 40657-40660 40662-40663 40673-40675 40678 40689-40693 40702-40703 40708-40709 40711 40716 40718 40720 40722 40726 40730 40741-40742 40744-40745 40747-40749 40751 40763 40765-40767 40833-40834 40841-40843 40848 40850-40851 40854-40856 40858-40859 40861 40863-40864 40866-40867 40873-40875 40899 40902 40904-40906 40910-40911 40936 40940 40946 40975 40977-40978 40980-40981 40983-40984 40986-40987 40995 40997 40999-41000 41002-41003 41036-41037 41049 41053-41055 41100 41102-41103 41472-41473 41475 41896-41897 41900-41901 41903 41912-41913 41925-41926 41928 41930-41931 41936-41937 41945 41947 41953-41954 42664-42665 42669-42670 42700-42701 42703 42725-42730 42734 42749 42764-42766 42768-42770 42777 42779 42785 42787 42789 42791 42803 42900-42901 42903 42908-42909 42911 42960-42962 42964-42965 42968 42970-42971 42974-42975 42998 43004 43100-43101 43103 43132 43134-43135 43220 43222-43223 43229-43234 43236-43238 43240-43241 43243 43249-43251 43265-43268 43270-43271 43281-43283 43296-43297 43310 43312 43314 43316-43317 43322-43323 43325-43326 43342 43344-43346 43360-43362 43375 43386-43387 43389-43392 43394 43408 43410-43411 43448-43450 43452-43453 43456 43458-43459 43496 43499 43512-43513 43515-43517 43540 43542-43546 43550 43568 43570-43571 43573 43575 43578-43581 43583 43588-43590 43593-43595 43601-43603 43612 43614-43615 43624-43625 43627-43630 43633 43635 43637-43639 43642-43644 43646 43656 43659-43660 43662-43664 43666 43668-43670 43673-43675 43678-43681 43683 43685-43686 43690-43691 43696 43698 43700 43705-43708 43712-43714 43720 43724 43727 43732 43740 43747 43750-43751 43754 43760 43776-43778 43780-43781 43783-43784 43788 43800 43809 43811 43844 43856 44033 44052 44059 44063 44067 44070-44071 44081-44083 44104 44107 44110 44144-44146 44148 44150-44151 44184-44186 44188-44189 44192-44193 44195-44197 44208 44228-44229 44232 44234 44236-44237 44239 44244-44246 44249 44252 44289 44299 44344 44346-44347 44372-44373 44375 44380 44382-44383 44404-44405 44408 44410-44411 44413-44417 44420-44422 44480-44481 44484-44485 44487 44496 44502 45058 45068 45070 45092-45094 45100 45102-45103 45188 45190-45191 45224 45226-45230 45240 45572 45574 45581-45583 45586 45593-45594 45598 45613-45615 45620 45628 45701 45703 45712 45715-45717 45719 45741-45746 45768-45770 45774 45800 45802-45803 47148-47150 47168 47170-47171 47176-47177 47179 47182-47183 47200-47202 47208-47210 47212-47213 47215 47224-47225 47228 47292 47294-47297 47299 47316 47318-47319 47340-47341 47343 47352 47354-47355 47489-47491 47494 47496 47498-47500 47503 47514 47538-47539 47542 47593-47596 47598-47599 47644 47646 47669-47671 47682 47685-47687 47689 47691-47692 47695-47697 47704 47706-47707 47710-47711 47728-47730 47736 47739 47741-47743 47828 47830-47831 47880 47884-47885 47888 47890-47891 47898 47901 47903-47904 47906-47907 47913 47925 47930-47931 47933 47937-47942 47948-47950 47952 47954-47955 47958 47980 47988 47990-47991 47996-47997 47999 48004 48006-48007 48016 48018 48021 48023-48024 48026-48027 48064-48066 48069 48072 48080 48084 48096-48098 48100 48112 48124 48642 48648-48649 48651 48684 48686-48687 48751 48768-48769 48771 48777-48779 48782-48783 48786 48791 48796 48798-48799 48801 48820-48822 48836 48838 48840 48842-48846 48848 48850 48864 48866-48868 48870-48871 48876-48877 48879-48881 48883-48884 48889-48891 49032-49034 49038 49050 49066 49079 49122 49128 49130-49131 49134https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/158/122?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/158/122/table2Identified structures and their average propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTheia[1/1640] Theia group identifiermeta.idintN*Number of clustered sources in Table 1meta.numberintnullableONameOther group namemeta.id;meta.maincharlogAge[6.14485/9.95276] Log average group agelog(yr)time.age;stat.meandoubleAv[-0.150042/3.5] Average extinctionmagphys.absorption;stat.meandoubleString[y] Is the group a string?meta.codecharWidth[1.07648/142.145] Projected widthpcphys.size.diameterdoubleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedHeight[0.800295/42.0466] Projected heightpcphys.sizedoubleLength[36.9384/842.096]? String lengthpcsrc.morph.scLengthdoublenullableGLONGalactic longitude of stringdegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude of stringdegpos.galactic.latplx[1.03705/20.4046] Mean Gaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatpmGLON[-72.7092/55.5468] Mean proper motion in the direction of Galactic longitudekm/spos.pmdoublepmGLAT[-30.415/31.9572] Mean proper motion in the direction of Galactic latitudekm/spos.pmdoubleRV[-69.3919/95.9234]? Mean radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullableX[-890.577/885.982] X position in the heliocentric XYZ reference framepcpos.distance;pos.frame;pos.heliocentricdoubleY[-909.901/927.268] Y position in the heliocentric XYZ reference framepcpos.distance;pos.frame;pos.heliocentricdoubleZ[-357.929/294.344] Z position in the heliocentric XYZ reference framepcpos.distance;pos.frame;pos.heliocentricdoubleU[-69.8636/99.0717]? U velocity vector, positive toward the Galactic anticenterkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xdoublenullableV[-61.8764/52.871]? V velocity vector, positive in the direction of Galactic rotationkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.ydoublenullableW[-30.6367/24.8161]? W velocity vector, positive toward the North Galactic Polekm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zdoublenullableJ/AJ/158/122/table3Traces of the stringsY[-949.328/911.592] Y position in the heliocentric XYZ reference framepcpos.distance;pos.frame;pos.heliocentricdoubleZ[-337.227/278.461] Z position in the heliocentric XYZ reference framepcpos.distance;pos.frame;pos.heliocentricdoubleU[-82.3504/78.9483]? U velocity vector, positive toward the Galactic anticenterkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xdoublenullableV[-62.7682/73.4662]? V velocity vector, positive in the direction of Galactic rotationkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.ydoublenullableW[-32.2203/24.7684]? W velocity vector, positive toward the North Galactic Polekm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zdoublenullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTheia[9/1640] Theia group identifiermeta.idintGLONGalactic longitude of stringdegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude of stringdegpos.galactic.latplx[1.0416428/13.381758] Average Gaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatpmGLON[-42.3994/82.52] Proper motion in the direction of Galactic longitudekm/spos.pmdoublepmGLAT[-17.027/23.8086] Proper motion in the direction of Galactic latitudekm/spos.pmdoubleRV[-74.975/77.1295] Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoubleX[-822.651/916.136] X position in the heliocentric XYZ reference framepcpos.distance;pos.frame;pos.heliocentricdoubleJ/AJ/158/122/table1Clustered sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharGaiaGaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedTheia[1/1640] Theia group identifiermeta.idint