J/AJ/157/94ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/94doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51570094CDSMarsset M.Fraser W.C.Pike R.E.Bannister M.T.Schwamb M.E.Volk K.,Kavelaars J.J.Alexandersen M.Chen Y.-T.Gladman B.J.Gwyn S.D.J.,Lehner M.J.Peixinho N.Petit J.-M.Wang S.-Y.2019-12-11T12:42:53Z2019-06-06T15:04:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsolar-systemasteroidsphotometryvisible-astronomysurveysBoth physical and dynamical properties must be considered to constrain the origins of the dynamically excited distant solar system populations. We present high-precision (g-r) colors for 25 small (H_r_>5) dynamically excited trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and centaurs acquired as part of the Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey. We combine our data set with previously published measurements and consider a set of 229 colors of outer solar system objects on dynamically excited orbits. The overall color distribution is bimodal and can be decomposed into two distinct classes, termed gray and red, that each has a normal color distribution. The two color classes have different inclination distributions: red objects have lower inclinations than the gray ones. This trend holds for all dynamically excited TNO populations. Even in the worst-case scenario, biases in the discovery surveys cannot account for this trend; it is intrinsic to the TNO population. Considering that TNOs are the precursors of centaurs, and that their inclinations are roughly preserved as they become centaurs, our finding solves the conundrum of centaurs being the only outer solar system population identified so far to exhibit this property. The different orbital distributions of the gray and red dynamically excited TNOs provide strong evidence that their colors are due to different formation locations in a disk of planetesimals with a compositional gradient.2019AJ....157...94Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/157/94CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/astorb : Orbits of Minor Planets (Bowell+ 2014)J/A+A/380/347 : BVRI photometry of 27 Kuiper Belt Objects (Delsanti+, 2001)J/A+A/389/641 : Col. of Minor Bodies in Outer Solar System (Hainaut+, 2002)J/A+A/407/1139 : RVB photom. of Kuiper-Belt object 1999 TD10 (Rousselot+, 2003)J/AJ/127/3023 : R magnitudes of Kuiper Belt object 2001QG298 (Sheppard+, 2004)J/AJ/135/55 : NIR spectra of Centaurs & Kuiper Belt objects (Barkume+, 2008)J/ApJ/720/1691 : Observations of the distant Kuiper belt (Schwamb+, 2010)J/A+A/546/A86 : R absolute magnitudes of Kuiper Belt objects (Peixinho+, 2012)J/A+A/546/A115 : Colors of minor bodies in outer solar system (Hainaut+, 2012)J/A+A/577/A35 : Visible colors of Centaurs and KBOs (Peixinho+, 2015)J/AJ/152/70 : Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) (Bannister+, 2016)J/AJ/152/221 : New extreme trans-Neptunian objects (Sheppard+, 2016)http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ : Minor Planet Centerhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/94https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/94GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/157/94/table4Orbit, magnitude, and measured spectral slope of the outer solar system objects studied in this workNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharONameOther designationmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanet[2060/511555]? Minor Planet Center (MPC) number designationmeta.idintnullableClassOrbit classification (1)src.classcharf_Class[*i] Flag on Class (2)meta.codecharHr[5.02/10.89] Absolute r-band magnitude (3)magphys.magAbsfloata[10.64/799.41] Semi-major axisAUphys.size.smajAxisfloate[0.01/0.97] Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatInc[5.05/44.89] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatSlope[-2.6/52.82] Spectral slope (in %/10^3^{AA})0.0001nm**-1spect.indexfloate_Slope[0.48/11.89] Uncertainty in Slope (in %/10^3^{AA})0.0001nm**-1stat.errorfloatRefReference code(s) (4)meta.notechar