J/AJ/157/52ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/52doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51570052CDSBryan M.L.Knutson H.A.Lee E.J.Fulton B.J.Batygin K.Ngo H.,Meshkat T.2019-07-24T12:13:19Z2019-05-31T09:49:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsstellar-massesmetallicityradial-velocityWe use radial velocity (RV) observations to search for long-period gas giant companions in systems hosting inner super-Earth (1-4 R_{Earth}_, 1-10 M_{Earth}_) planets to constrain formation and migration scenarios for this population. We consistently refit published RV data sets for 65 stars and find nine systems with statistically significant trends indicating the presence of an outer companion. We combine these RV data with AO images to constrain the masses and semi-major axes of these companions. We quantify our sensitivity to the presence of long-period companions by fitting the sample with a power-law distribution and find an occurrence rate of 39%+/-7% for companions 0.5-20 M_Jup_ and 1-20 au. Half of our systems were discovered by the transit method, and half were discovered by the RV method. While differences in the RV baselines and number of data points between the two samples lead to different sensitivities to distant companions, we find that occurrence rates of gas giant companions in each sample are consistent at the 0.5{sigma} level. We compare the frequency of Jupiter analogs in these systems to the equivalent rate from field star surveys and find that Jupiter analogs are more common around stars hosting super-Earths. We conclude that the presence of outer gas giants does not suppress the formation of inner super-Earths, and that these two populations of planets instead appear to be correlated. We also find that the stellar metallicities of systems with gas giant companions are higher than those without companions, in agreement with the well-established metallicity correlation from RV surveys of field stars.2019AJ....157...52Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/157/52CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/469/L43 : Radial velocities of Gl 581 (Udry+, 2007)J/A+A/493/639 : Velocity curves of HD 40307 (Mayor+, 2009)J/A+A/493/645 : Gl 176 radial velocities (Forveille+, 2009)J/A+A/496/527 : Radial velocity curves of HD 47186 and HD 181433J/A+A/506/303 : CoRoT-7 radial velocities (Queloz+, 2009)J/A+A/507/487 : GJ 581 radial velocity curve (Mayor+, 2009)J/A+A/511/A21 : Radial velocities of GJ876 planetary system (Correia+, 2010)J/A+A/512/A48 : HARPS RV curves of HD125612, HD215497, HIP5158J/ApJ/708/1366 : Radial velocities for 61 Vir (Vogt+, 2010)J/A+A/528/A111 : GJ3634 radial velocity and 4.5um flux (Bonfils+, 2011)J/A+A/534/A58 : HD20794, HD85512, HD192310 HARPS radial velocitiesJ/ApJ/749/15 : The Kepler-20 planetary system (Gautier+, 2012)J/A+A/556/A110 : HARPS radial velocities of GJ 163 (Bonfils+, 2013)J/A+A/556/A126 : GJ667C Doppler and activity measurementsJ/ApJ/789/154 : Kepler-10 RV measurements by HARPS-N (Dumusque+, 2014)J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)J/A+A/585/A134 : HD1461, HD40307, and HD204313 radial velocities (Diaz+, 2016)J/A+A/585/A135 : HD175607 RV, logRHK and Halpha index (Mortier+, 2016)J/A+A/586/A93 : WASP41 and WASP47 photometric and RV dataJ/A+A/593/A117 : GJ 3998 RVs, S and Halpha indexes (Affer+, 2016)J/A+A/595/A77 : GJ676A radial velocity curve (Sahlmann+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/89 : 12yrs of radial velocity obs. of exoplanet systemsJ/A+A/597/A108 : GJ 536 HARPS and HARPS-N data (Suarez Mascareno+, 2017)J/AJ/154/123 : Radial velocity follow-up of the HD 3167 systemhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/52https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/52GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/157/52/table1 (systems)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/52/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/52/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/52/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true100.9561211-1.06300720.0055555555555555566/2737 3979 5009 14278 14585 14734 14744 14757 14794 14918 14920 14924 14929 14930 14933 14936 14939 14968 14969 14971 15060 15110 15119 15121 15131 15143 15149 15158 16847 17266 18147 18496 18569 22065 22078 22309 22645 24227 24713 24924 25989 26977 29349 30771 32259 32509 33813 33966 34301 34446 34767 36555 38461 38744 41591 42101 42459 44921 45717 45721 46215 46632https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/157/52?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/157/52/table1systemsVPVelocity Plotmeta.ref.urlcharM*[0.12/1.41] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSystem identifiermeta.id;pos.framecharNRVsNumber of RVs used in Table 2meta.numberintnullablen_ID[c] Note on ID (1)meta.notechare_M*[0.02/0.09]? Lower limit uncertainty in M*solMassstat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_M*[0.02/0.09]? Upper limit uncertainty in M*solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullable[Fe/H][-0.62/0.36] Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H][0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in [Fe/H] (2)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatNpl[1/6] Number of planet(s)meta.id;meta.mainintMethDiscovery method (Transit or RV)meta.code;obscharNobs[13/1126] Number of observationsmeta.numberintBase[103/8476] Time baselinedtime.intervalintTrend[-156.59/60.2] Radial velocity trendm.s**-1.yr**-1phys.velocdoublee_Trend[0/32] Lower limit uncertainty in Trendm.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.minfloatE_Trend[0/42] Upper limit uncertainty in Trendm.s**-1.yr**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatn_TrendNote on Trend (3)meta.notecharRefReference(s) (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/157/52/table2Published RVs used in this studyIDSystem identifiermeta.id;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRV[-98756.37/87956.58] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RV[0.0/48.0] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in RVm/sstat.errorfloatJ/AJ/157/52/refsList of referencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRef[1/59] Reference codemeta.noteintAutFirst author's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharBibcodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodechar