J/AJ/157/196ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/196doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51570196CDSKounkel M.Covey K.Moe M.Kratter K.M.Suarez G.Stassun K.G.,Roman-Zuniga C.Hernandez J.Kim J.S.Ramirez K.P.Roman-Lopes A.,Stringfellow G.S.O Jaehnig K.Borissova J.Tofflemire B.,Krolikowski D.Rizzuto A.Kraus A.Badenes C.Longa-Pena P.,Maqueo Chew Y.G.Barba R.Nidever D.L.Brown C.De Lee N.Pan K.,Bizyaev D.Oravetz D.Oravetz A.2021-03-01T16:19:12Z2019-08-16T08:12:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionspre-main-sequence-starsspectroscopic-binary-starsradial-velocityproper-motionseffective-temperatureastronomical-modelsMultiplicity is a fundamental property that is set early during stellar lifetimes, and it is a stringent probe of the physics of star formation. The distribution of close companions around young stars is still poorly constrained by observations. We present an analysis of stellar multiplicity derived from Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment-2 spectra obtained in targeted observations of nearby star-forming regions. This is the largest homogeneously observed sample of high-resolution spectra of young stars. We developed an autonomous method to identify double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s). Out of 5007 sources spanning the mass range of ~0.05-1.5 M_{sun}_, we find 399 binaries, including both radial velocity (RV) variables and SB2s. The mass ratio distribution of SB2s is consistent with being uniform for q<0.95 with an excess of twins for q>0.95. The period distribution is consistent with what has been observed in close binaries (<10 au) in the evolved populations. Three systems are found to have q~0.1, with a companion located within the brown dwarf desert. There are no strong trends in the multiplicity fraction as a function of cluster age from 1 to 100 Myr. There is a weak dependence on stellar density, with companions being most numerous at {Sigma}_*_~30 stars/pc^-2^ and decreasing in more diffuse regions. Finally, disk-bearing sources are deficient in SB2s (but not RV variables) by a factor of ~2; this deficit is recovered by the systems without disks. This may indicate a quick dispersal of disk material in short-period equal-mass systems that is less effective in binaries with lower q.2019AJ....157..196Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/157/196CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/121/2124 : {lambda} Ori pre-main-sequence stars photometry (Dolan+, 2001)J/ApJ/648/1090 : Radial velocities of NGC 2264 stars (Furesz+, 2006)J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A and B. I. YSO catalogJ/ApJ/794/124 : Young star forming region NGC 2264 Spitzer sourcesJ/ApJ/794/125 : IN-SYNC. I. APOGEE stellar parameters (Cottaar+, 2014)J/AJ/149/119 : Radial velocities of stars in NGC 2264 (Tobin+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/136 : IN-SYNC. II. Candidate young stars in NGC 1333 (Foster+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/27 : IN-SYNC. III. Radial velocities of IC348 starsJ/ApJ/818/59 : IN-SYNC. IV. YSOs in Orion A (Da Rio+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/8 : Spectroscopic binary population of ONC and NGC2264J/ApJ/821/52 : NIR survey of Spitzer YSOs in Orion Mol. CloudJ/ApJ/844/138 : Optical spectroscopy toward Orion B fields (Kounkel+, 2017)J/A+A/609/A10 : NGC2264 structure and star formation history (Venuti+, 2018)J/A+A/613/A63 : Lithium content for 148 Pleiades stars (Bouvier+, 2018)J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary companions of evolved starsJ/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)J/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)J/ApJ/859/33 : GOBELINS. IV. VLBA obs. of Taurus (Galli+, 2018)J/ApJS/236/27 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex (OSFC). I. (Cottle+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/196https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/196http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/196https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/196https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/196http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/196GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/157/196/table1 (Catalog of the sources observed by APOGEE-2 survey towards the young clusters and star-forming regions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/196/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/196/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/196/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true49.411647848.846931460.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/157/196/table3 (Observed clusters and star-forming regions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/196/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/196/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/196/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true56.141666732.16333330.0055555555555555564/1428 5/115 118 121 214 215 259 262 263 268 270 289 292 384 386 442 784 5350 5356 5359 5701 5709 5716 5718 5719 5720 5721 5723 5724 5726 5748 5909 5924 5926 5929 5931 5932 5934 5952 6/455 466 467 478 492 493 496 497 498 854 855 880 881 883 884 885 886 1030 1031 1042 1043 1046 1061 1063 1069 1070 1071 1076 1078 1540 1542 1548 1727 1774 3093 3095 3101 3140 3144 21391 21406 21413 21428 21430 21431 21432 21433 21435 21480 21482 21483 22270 22271 22442 22443 22801 22814 22815 22844 22845 22870 22871 22888 22889 22891 22900 22910 22980 22981 22983 22996 22998 23633 23645 23685 23687 23693 23694 23695 23700 23702 23708 23710 23732 23814 23816 23817 24069 24080 24081https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/157/196?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/157/196/table1Catalog of the sources observed by APOGEE-2 survey towards the young clusters and star-forming regionsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchar2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintmoreindicates data in Tables 2 and 4 for this starmeta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedClusterCluster identifiermeta.id.parentYSO[0/3]? YSO class (1)meta.code.classintnullableNum[1/27] Number of epochsmeta.numberintRV[-489/734.8]? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RV[8.514e-05/8050]? Uncertainty in RVkm/sstat.errordoublenullableVrot[0.008635/1976]? Rotational velocity times sin(i)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoublenullablee_Vrot[9.363e-07/5694]? Uncertainty in Vrotkm/sstat.errordoublenullableTeff[2300/15000]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublenullablee_Teff[1.477e-06/109700]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoublenullablelog(g)[-0.5/6]? Log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoublenullablee_log(g)[8.342e-10/6.677]? Uncertainty in log(g)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errordoublenullableVeil[1.404e-07/22.36]? Veiling value (continuum excess in the spectrum due to accretion)phys.absorptiondoublenullablee_Veil[3.635e-07/1862]? Uncertainty in Veilstat.errordoublenullableSB2[0/3]? Binary SB2 code (2)meta.codeintnullablechi2[5.21e-05/24790]? Binary {chi}^2^ valuestat.valuedoublenullableSlope[0.0002926/177.8]? Binary slope valuestat.fit.paramdoublenullableLchi2[0.001515/16410]? Literature {chi}^2^ valuestat.fit.chi2doublenullableLSlope[0.00122/177.8]? Literature slope valuestat.fit.paramdoublenullableq[0.1039/0.9997]? Mass ratiophys.massdoublenullablee_q[0.008812/0.4503]? Uncertainty in qstat.errordoublenullableJ/AJ/157/196/table2Stellar properties measured from the IN-SYNC pipeline across the individual epochsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMJD[55847/58179] Modified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochintindexedRV[-1534/1110]? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RV[4.472e-05/28760]? Uncertainty in RVkm/sstat.errordoublenullableVrot[0.008635/2933]? Rotational velocity times sin(i)km/sphys.veloc.rotatdoublenullablee_Vrot[9.363e-07/58980]? Uncertainty in Vrotkm/sstat.errordoublenullableTeff[2300/15000]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublenullablee_Teff[1.477e-06/266700]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoublenullablelog(g)[-0.5/6.491]? Log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoublenullablee_log(g)[8.342e-10/25.88]? Uncertainty in log(g)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errordoublenullableVeil[1.404e-07/1962]? Veiling valuephys.absorptiondoublenullablee_Veil[3.504e-07/12530]? Uncertainty in Veilstat.errordoublenullableS/N[0.118/941.1]? Signal-to-noise ratiostat.snrdoublenullableJ/AJ/157/196/table4Deconvolved cross-correlation functions (CCFs)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMJD[55847/58179] Modified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochintindexedFWHM1[0.2115/5478] First Gaussian full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoublee_FWHM1[0/2.62e+15] Uncertainty in FWHM1km/sstat.errordoubleAmp1[0/10.63] First Gaussian amplitudesrc.var.amplitudedoublee_Amp1[0/2.219e+15]? Uncertainty in Amp1stat.errordoublenullablev1[-11490/2750] First Gaussian mean positionkm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublee_v1[0/1.718e+16] Uncertainty in v1km/sstat.errordoubleFlag1[1/4] First Gaussian fit flag (1)meta.code.errorintFWHM2[0.002546/17750000]? Second Gaussian full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullablee_FWHM2[0/1.648e+16]? Uncertainty in FWHM2km/sstat.errordoublenullableAmp2[0/13.13]? Second Gaussian amplitudesrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_Amp2[0/9.159e+14]? Uncertainty in Amp2stat.errordoublenullablev2[-1250/16120000]? Second Gaussian mean positionkm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_v2[0/1.058e+17]? Uncertainty in v2km/sstat.errordoublenullableFlag2[0/4] Second Gaussian fit flag (1)meta.code.errorintFWHM3[0.06381/6117]? Third Gaussian full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullablee_FWHM3[0/53060000000]? Uncertainty in FWHM3km/sstat.errordoublenullableAmp3[1.021e-13/22.94]? Third Gaussian amplitudesrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_Amp3[0/53910]? Uncertainty in Amp3stat.errordoublenullablev3[-8530/8769]? Third Gaussian mean positionkm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_v3[0/46390000000]? Uncertainty in v3km/sstat.errordoublenullableFlag3[0/4] Third Gaussian fit flag (1)meta.code.errorintFWHM4[4.428/1194]? Fourth Gaussian full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullablee_FWHM4[0/19950000000]? Uncertainty in FWHM4km/sstat.errordoublenullableAmp4[3.638e-11/0.1456]? Fourth Gaussian amplitudesrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_Amp4[0/67370]? Uncertainty in Amp4stat.errordoublenullablev4[-273.8/3210]? Fourth Gaussian mean positionkm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_v4[0/49720000000]? Uncertainty in v4km/sstat.errordoublenullableFlag4[0/1] Fourth Gaussian fit flag (1)meta.code.errorintFWHM5[6.318/350.3]? Fifth Gaussian full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullablee_FWHM5[0/430100]? Uncertainty in FWHM5km/sstat.errordoublenullableAmp5[0.01903/1.545]? Fifth Gaussian amplitudesrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_Amp5[0/54450]? Uncertainty in Amp5stat.errordoublenullablev5[-883.8/195.7]? Fifth Gaussian mean positionkm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_v5[0/1570000]? Uncertainty in v5km/sstat.errordoublenullableFlag5[0/1] Fifth Gaussian fit flag (1)meta.code.errorintFWHM6[13.3/184.6]? Sixth Gaussian full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullablee_FWHM6[0/68200000]? Uncertainty in FWHM6km/sstat.errordoublenullableAmp6[0.02759/2.093]? Sixth Gaussian amplitudesrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_Amp6[0/20750000]? Uncertainty in Amp6stat.errordoublenullablev6[-438.7/691.4]? Sixth Gaussian mean positionkm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_v6[0/300300000]? Uncertainty in v6km/sstat.errordoublenullableFlag6[0/1] Sixth Gaussian fit flag (1)meta.code.errorintJ/AJ/157/196/table3Observed clusters and star-forming regionsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharN*[132/1274] Number of starsmeta.numberintNbin[7/137] Number of binsmeta.numberintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster identifiermeta.id;meta.mainn_Cluster[b] Note on Cluster (1)meta.notecharAge[1/125] AgeMyrtime.ageintr_Age[abcdef] Reference for Age (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharTeff-5[2550/3324] 5th percentile of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintTeff-50[3770/4280] 50th percentile of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintTeff-95[4690/5770] 95th percentile of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintlog(g)-5[3.2/4.8] 5th percentile of the surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatlog(g)-50[4.3/5.2] 50th percentile of the surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatlog(g)-95[4.7/5.5] 95th percentile of the surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatDt[357/2190] Time interval {Delta}tdtime.epochintNv[2/6] Number of visitsmeta.numberintb_RV[-15/25] Lower value of radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentric;stat.minintB_RV[15/36] Upper value of radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentric;stat.maxintb_pmRA[-8/15] Lower value of proper motion along RA {mu}_{alpha}_mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.ra;stat.minintB_pmRA[2/35] Upper value of proper motion along RA {mu}_{alpha}_mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.ra;stat.maxintb_pmDE[-55/-5] Lower value of proper motion along DE {mu}_{delta}_mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.dec;stat.minintB_pmDE[-35/5] Upper value of proper motion along DE {mu}_{delta}_mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.dec;stat.maxintb_plx[0.8/6] Lower value of parallax {pi}maspos.parallax.trig;stat.minfloatB_plx[2.5/10] Upper value of parallax {pi}maspos.parallax.trig;stat.maxfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable