J/AJ/157/143ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/143doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51570143CDSBurke C.J.Mullally F.Thompson S.E.Coughlin J.L.Rowe J.F.2019-11-04T14:53:48Z2019-08-02T09:24:12ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-starsg-starsexoplanetsWe re-examine the statistical confirmation of small long-period Kepler planet candidates in light of recent improvements in our understanding of the occurrence of systematic false alarms in this regime. Using the final Data Release 25 (DR25, Twicken et al. 2016, J/AJ/152/158) Kepler planet candidate catalog statistics, we find that the previously confirmed single-planet system Kepler-452b no longer achieves a 99% confidence in the planetary hypothesis and is not considered statistically validated in agreement with the finding of Mullally et al. (2018AJ....155..210M). For multiple planet systems, we find that the planet prior enhancement for belonging to a multiple-planet system is suppressed relative to previous Kepler catalogs, and we also find that the multiple-planet system member, Kepler-186f, no longer achieves a 99% confidence level in the planetary hypothesis. Because of the numerous confounding factors in the data analysis process that leads to the detection and characterization of a signal, it is difficult to determine whether any one planetary candidate achieves a strict criterion for confirmation relative to systematic false alarms. For instance, when taking into account a simplified model of processing variations, the additional single-planet systems Kepler-443b, Kepler-441b, Kepler-1633b, Kepler-1178b, and Kepler-1653b have a non-negligible probability of falling below 99% confidence in the planetary hypothesis. The systematic false alarm hypothesis must be taken into account when employing statistical validation techniques in order to confirm planet candidates that approach the detection threshold of a survey. We encourage those performing transit searches of K2, TESS, and other similar data sets to quantify their systematic false alarm rates. Alternatively, independent photometric detection of the transit signal or radial velocity measurements can eliminate the false alarm hypothesis.2019AJ....157..143Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/157/143CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates for KOI starsJ/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search (DR25) (Twicken+, 2016)J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised stellar properties of Q1-17 Kepler targetsJ/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/143https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/143http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/157/143https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/143https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/143http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/157/143GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/157/143/table1 (Kepler GK dwarf planet candidate samples)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/143/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/143/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/157/143/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true290.934347.35760110.0055555555555555564/933 5/3647 3688 3689 3691 3693 3694 3704 3706 3741 3777 3778 3779 3782 3785 3789 6/14573 14575 14577 14578 14579 14581 14582 14583 14584 14585 14730 14731 14732 14733 14735 14744 14746 14749 14751 14761 14762 14763 14768 14770 14771 14780 14781 14792 14794 14830 14914 14915 14916 14918 14919 14921 14923 14924 14925 14926 14946 14947 14948 14949 14950 14952 14953 14957 14958 14959 14960 14961 14963 14968 14969 14971 14972 14973 14975 15044 15057 15059 15060 15061 15104 15105 15107 15121 15122 15124 15125 15132 15133 15135 15137 15139 15145 15146 15147 15148 15149 15153 15160 15161 15170 15172 15174 15200https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/157/143?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/157/143/table1Kepler GK dwarf planet candidate samplesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDataData identifier (1)meta.idcharKOI[70.05/8275.01]? Kepler Object of Interest identifiermeta.idfloatnullableKIC[1849702/12885212] Kepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongPNum[1/6] Planet number (2)meta.numberintPorb[12.163/636.52] Orbital perioddtime.periodfloatRad[0.61/4.14] Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatMES[7.1/15] Multiple Event Statistic (3)stat.likelihood;obsfloatTNum[3/99] Number of transits detectedmeta.numberintQuiet[0/1] Quiet Kepler detection flag (4)meta.codeint_RAPositions of KIC stars from KIC catalog (V/133) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions of KIC stars from KIC catalog (V/133) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main