J/AJ/156/259ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/259doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51560259CDSZiegler C.Law N.M.Baranec C.Morton T.Riddle R.De Lee N.Huber D.,Mahadevan S.Pepper J.2020-11-09T12:06:02Z2019-04-26T07:04:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsphotometryWe use the Robo-AO survey of Kepler planetary candidate host stars, the largest adaptive optics survey yet performed, to measure the recovery rate of close stellar binaries in Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/345). We find that Gaia recovers binaries down to 1" at magnitude contrasts as large as six; closer systems are not resolved, regardless of secondary brightness. Gaia DR2 binary detection does not have a strong dependence on the orientation of the stellar pairs. We find 177 nearby stars to Kepler planetary candidate host stars in Gaia DR2 that were not detected in the Robo-AO survey, almost all of which are faint (G>20); the remainder were largely targets observed by Robo-AO in poor conditions. If the primary star is the host, the impact on the radii estimates of planet candidates in these systems is likely minimal; many of these faint stars, however, could be faint eclipsing binaries that are the source of a false positive planetary transit signal. With Robo-AO and Gaia combined, we find that 18.7+/-0.7% of Kepler planet candidate hosts have nearby stars within 4". We also find 36 nearby stars in Gaia DR2 around 35 planetary candidate host stars detected with K2. The nearby star fraction rate for K2 planetary candidates is significantly lower than that for the primary Kepler mission. The binary recovery rate of Gaia will improve initial radius estimates of future Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite planet candidates significantly; however, ground-based high-resolution follow-up observations are still needed for precise characterization and confirmation. The sensitivity of Gaia to closely separated binaries is expected to improve in later data releases.2018AJ....156..259Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/156/259CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet candidates host starsJ/AJ/152/18 : Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey. II. (Baranec+, 2016)J/AJ/153/66 : Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey. III.J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised stellar properties of Q1-17 Kepler targetsJ/AJ/155/161 : Stars nearby Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidatesJ/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/156/259https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/156/259http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/156/259https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/156/259https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/156/259http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/156/259GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/156/259/table1 (Nearby stars to K2 planetary candidates in Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/345))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true104.2660318.626740.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/156/259/table3 (New nearby stars to Kepler planetary candidates in Gaia DR2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true299.407035344.03505280.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/156/259/table2 (Robo-AO detected nearby stars to Kepler planetary candidates in Gaia DR2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/156/259/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.808491449.31641420.0055555555555555564/922 5/3645 3683 3692 3694 3695 3704 3706 3731 3732 3733 3735 3737 3738 3776 3778 3782 3784 3785 3789 3792 6/329 354 374 4303 4333 4688 4800 14567 14573 14575 14577 14578 14579 14584 14585 14586 14588 14589 14591 14730 14731 14738 14744 14746 14749 14750 14751 14772 14774 14775 14792 14794 14795 14828 14830 14915 14917 14918 14919 14921 14922 14923 14936 14937 14939 14944 14946 14947 14957 14958 14959 14960 14961 14963 14964 14965 14966 14969 14970 14971 14972 14973 14975 15041 15043 15044 15045 15060 15061 15062 15109 15110 15111 15116 15118 15119 15120 15121 15122 15124 15125 15126 15132 15133 15134 15146 15147 15148 15149 15151 15153 15154 15155 15161 15172 15173 15174 15200 18009 23907 23940 25624 25626 25677 25686 25691 25750 25794 26981 26990 27078 27085 27088 27777 28981 29009 29011 29046 29048 29349 29352 42933 44378 48059 48067 48095https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/156/259?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/156/259/table1Nearby stars to K2 planetary candidates in Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/345)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanet? K2 planet candidate (only in Table 1)meta.id;meta.maindoublenullableSep[0.21/4.54] Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatPA[0/358] Position angle (degrees east of north)degpos.posAngintDgmag[-0.67/8.16] Gaia g-band magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatK2C[0/8]? K2 campaign (only in Table 1)meta.id;obsintnullablePriDR2? Primary Gaia DR2 identifier (2)meta.idnullableSecDR2? Secondary Gaia DR2 identifier (2)meta.idnullable_RAPosition from the K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017, Cat. IV/34) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from the K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017, Cat. IV/34) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/156/259/table3New nearby stars to Kepler planetary candidates in Gaia DR2SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[1/7596]? Kepler Object of Interest (not in Table 1)meta.idintnullableSep[0.21/4.54] Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatPA[0/358] Position angle (degrees east of north)degpos.posAngintDgmag[-0.67/8.16] Gaia g-band magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatPriDR2? Primary Gaia DR2 identifier (2)meta.idnullableSecDR2? Secondary Gaia DR2 identifier (2)meta.idnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/AJ/156/259/table2Robo-AO detected nearby stars to Kepler planetary candidates in Gaia DR2recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[1/7596]? Kepler Object of Interest (not in Table 1)meta.idintnullableSep[0.21/4.54] Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatPA[0/358] Position angle (degrees east of north)degpos.posAngintDgmag[-0.67/8.16] Gaia g-band magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatRefDetection reference (only in Table 2) (1)meta.refcharPriDR2? Primary Gaia DR2 identifier (2)meta.idnullableSecDR2? Secondary Gaia DR2 identifier (2)meta.idnullableRecovRecovery status (only in Table 2) (3)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main