J/AJ/155/50ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/50doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51550050CDSGranada A.Jones C.E.Sigut T.A.A.Semaan T.Georgy C.Meynet G.,Ekstrom S.2018-11-27T07:23:36Z2018-10-17T12:59:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyopen-star-clustersbe-starsinfrared-photometrystellar-spectral-typeseffective-temperatureline-intensitiesThrough the modeling of near-infrared photometry of star-plus disk systems with the codes BEDISK/BERAY, we successfully describe the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) photometric characteristics of Be stars in five young open clusters, NGC 663, NGC 869, NGC 884, NGC 3766, and NGC 4755, broadly studied in the literature. WISE photometry allows previously known Be stars to be detected and to find new Be candidates which could be confirmed spectroscopically. The location of Be stars in the WISE color-magnitude diagram, separates them in two groups; active (Be stars hosting a developed circumstellar disk) and quiescent objects (Be stars in a diskless phase), and this way, we can explore how often stars are observed in these different stages. The variability observed in most active variable Be stars is compatible with a disk dissipation phase. We find that 50% of Be stars in the studied open clusters are in an active phase. We can interpret this as Be stars having a developed circumstellar disk one-half of the time. The location of Be stars with a developed disk in the color-magnitude diagram require mass loss rates in agreement with values recently reported in the literature. For these objects, we expect to have a tight relation between the equivalent width of the H{alpha} line and the mass of the disk, if the inclination is known. Also, near-infrared photometry of Be stars in stellar clusters has the potential of being useful to test whether there is a preferential viewing angle.2018AJ....155...50Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/155/50CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/277 : Halpha emission objects in the southern Milky Way (Wray, 1966)III/67 : Catalogue of Be stars (Jaschek+, 1982)III/205 : H-alpha Stars in Northern Milky Way (Kohoutek+ 1997)I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/A+A/335/565 : Be stars variability (Hubert+ 1998)J/ApJS/116/263 : VI photometry of open clusters (Piatti+ 1998)J/A+A/369/511 : Open star clusters. III. NGC 4103, 5281, 4755J/A+A/376/144 : BV(RI)_C_H{alpha} photometry of NGC 663 (Pigulski+, 2001)J/ApJ/576/880 : CCD UBV photometry of h and {chi} Per (Slesnick+, 2002)J/A+A/437/467 : VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars (Evans+, 2005)J/ApJ/622/1052 : byH{alpha} photometry of NGC 3766 (McSwain+, 2005)J/ApJS/161/118 : byH{alpha} photometry in open clusters (McSwain+, 2005)J/MNRAS/358/66 : uvby{beta} photometry of NGC 663 (Fabregat+, 2005)J/ApJ/648/580 : Rotational velocities in 19 open clusters (Huang+, 2006)J/A+A/496/841 : VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars (Hunter+, 2009)J/ApJ/700/1216 : Spectroscopy of Be stars in open clustersJ/ApJ/722/605 : A stellar rotation census of B stars (Huang+, 2010)J/other/BASI/39.517 : Spectroscopy of classical Be stars (Mathew+, 2011)J/AJ/144/158 : Properties of B and Be stars in h and {chi} Perseihttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/50https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/50http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/50https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/50https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/50http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/50GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/155/50/table1 (Selected Open Clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true26.537561.2350.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/155/50/table2 (95 Be Stars Analyzed in This Work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true26.5254411161.2275950.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/155/50/table3 (Be Candidates and Other Interesting Objects that Deserve Further Study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/50/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true26.4828166761.209358330.0055555555555555566/3256 3257 3632 37901 43033 43036https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/155/50?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/155/50/table9Disk MassesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpType[B1 B3 B7] Spectral typesrc.spTypecharn[2/4] The power-law exponent that determines how the density decreases with distance in the equatorial plane from the starstat.fit.paramfloatrho0[1/100] Density at the base of the disk {rho}_0_1e-12g.cm**-3phys.densityfloatMd[7.28e-13/2.74e-08] Disk mass, in units of the stellar mass (M*) (1)phys.massdoubleJ/AJ/155/50/table1Selected Open ClustersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Simbad Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Simbad Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainlogAge[7.2/7.5] Log of Age (1)log(yr)time.agefloatn_logAge[b] Note on logAge (2)meta.notecharmuO[11.13/11.85] Distance modulus {mu}_O_ (1)magphot.mag.distModfloatE(B-V)[0.208/0.7] Reddening (1)magphot.color.excessfloatRad[10.5/14.4] Radius of cluster (1)arcminphys.angSizefloatn_Rad[c] Note on Rad (3)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/155/50/table295 Be Stars Analyzed in This WorkSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainW1Mag[-4.69/0.75] WISE W1 (3.4{mu}m) band absolute magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_W1Mag[0.02/0.17] Uncertainty in W1Magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW1-W2[-0.18/0.36] WISE W1-W2 color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloate_W1-W2[0.03/0.17] Uncertainty in W1-W2magstat.errorfloatW2-W3[-1.15/2.34] WISE W2-W3 color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloate_W2-W3[0.02/0.44]? Uncertainty in W2-W3magstat.errorfloatnullableJMag[-3.89/0.85] 2MASS J band absolute magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.IR.Jfloate_JMag[0.02/0.05] Uncertainty in JMagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHMag[-3.86/0.84] 2MASS H band absolute magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.IR.Hfloate_HMag[0.02/0.07] Uncertainty in HMagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsMag[-4.1/0.8] 2MASS K_s_ band absolute magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloate_KsMag[0.02/0.05] Uncertainty in KsMagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatVar[0/3]? WISE variability of the star (1)meta.code;src.varintnullableSpType[0/10]? Spectral type (0 corresponds to B0, 1 to B1, and so on)src.spTypefloatnullablen_SpType[+] Note on SpType (4)meta.notecharLClass[1/5]? Luminosity classsrc.class.luminosityintnullableSimbadSimbad namemeta.id;meta.maincharTeff[13254/26700]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg[3.23/4.24]? Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullableNote[*] Note (3)meta.notecharBeClassBe class assigned to the object in this work (early, mid, or late Be star)meta.code.classcharr_BeClass[1/15] Reference relevant to the Be star classification (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintJ/AJ/155/50/table3Be Candidates and Other Interesting Objects that Deserve Further StudySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[CI] Object group (1)meta.codecharClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainW1Mag[-2.63/0.952] WISE W1 (3.4{mu}m) band absolute magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatW1-W2[-0.18/0.427] WISE W1-W2 color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatW2-W3[0.451/2.34]? WISE W2-W3 color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableSimbadSimbad namemeta.id;meta.maincharr_Simbad[1/11]? Reference for Simbad (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableTypeObject typesrc.classcharr_Type[3]? Reference for Type (2)meta.notecharVproj[165/278]? Projected velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatintnullabler_Vproj[4/12]? Reference for Vproj (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableTeff[14210/20566]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullabler_Teff[4/8]? Reference for Teff (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablelogg[3.944/4.21]? Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullabler_logg[4/8]? Reference for logg (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableSpTypeMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharJ/AJ/155/50/SyntheticSynthetic Infrared Magnitudes and Colors Computed for n=2 (table 4) , n=2.5 (table 5) , n=3 (table 6) , n=3.5 (table 7) and n=4 (table 8)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnPower-law exponentstat.fit.paramcharSpType[B1 B3 B7] Spectral typesrc.spTypecharrho0[1/100] Density at the base of the disk {rho}_0_1e-12g.cm**-3phys.densityfloati[18/84] Inclination angledegsrc.orbital.inclination;pos.posAngintW1mag[-6.557/-0.167] WISE W1 (3.4{mu}m) band synthetic magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatW1-W2[-0.041/0.49] WISE W1-W2 synthetic color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatW2-W3[-0.02/1.393] WISE W2-W3 synthetic color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatJmag[-5.519/4.335] 2MASS J band synthetic magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag[-5.577/4.413] 2MASS H band synthetic magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmag[-5.996/4.716] 2MASS K_s_ band synthetic magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatEWHa[-64.74/42.79] Equivalent width of the H{alpha} line ({AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Halphafloat