J/AJ/155/206ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/206doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51550206CDSAizawa M.Masuda K.Kawahara H.Suto Y.2019-01-09T08:15:28Z2018-12-19T12:31:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsastronomical-modelsstellar-radiimultiple-starsWe perform a systematic search for rings around 168 Kepler planet candidates with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios that are selected from all of the short-cadence data. We fit ringed and ringless models to their light curves and compare the fitting results to search for the signatures of planetary rings. First, we identify 29 tentative systems, for which the ringed models exhibit statistically significant improvement over the ringless models. The light curves of those systems are individually examined, but we are not able to identify any candidate that indicates evidence for rings. In turn, we find several mechanisms of false positives that would produce ringlike signals, and the null detection enables us to place upper limits on the size of the rings. Furthermore, assuming the tidal alignment between axes of the planetary rings and orbits, we conclude that the occurrence rate of rings larger than twice the planetary radius is less than 15%. Even though the majority of our targets are short-period planets, our null detection provides statistical and quantitative constraints on largely uncertain theoretical models of the origin, formation, and evolution of planetary rings.2018AJ....155..206Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/155/206CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/812/46 : Transit metric for Q1-Q17 Kepler cand. (Thompson+, 2015)J/ApJS/217/18 : Potential transit signals in Kepler Q1-Q17 (Seader+, 2015)J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search DR25 (Twicken+, 2016)J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive proba. for Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/206https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/206http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/206https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/206https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/206http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/206GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/155/206/catalog (Parameters and statistics of 14 systems with p<0.003 (table 1) , 0.003<p<0.05 (table 2) and p>0.05 (table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/206/catalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/206/catalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/206/catalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true292.247307547.96950440.0055555555555555565/3646 3688 3706 3742 6/14567 14573 14578 14580 14581 14591 14731 14734 14735 14744 14746 14750 14751 14757 14758 14759 14760 14762 14764 14765 14768 14770 14772 14773 14774 14779 14780 14816 14828 14921 14923 14924 14925 14927 14929 14930 14935 14936 14938 14939 14940 14942 14945 14946 14961 14973 15040 15060 15104 15105 15109 15110 15112 15113 15118 15119 15121 15122 15124 15127 15128 15129 15131 15132 15134 15137 15139 15140 15141 15143 15146 15148 15149 15150 15153 15154 15155 15158 15160 15169 15171 15172 15174 15178https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/155/206?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/155/206/catalogParameters and statistics of 14 systems with p<0.003 (table 1) , 0.003<p<0.05 (table 2) and p>0.05 (table 3)p-valuep-value intervalstat.fit.goodnesscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[1.01/6969.01] Kepler Object of Interest number (KOI -NNNN.NN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainfloatKeplerKepler planet name (Kepler -NNNNAa in Simbad)meta.idcharPorb[0.53/328.24] Planetary orbital period (1)dtime.periodfloattdamp[9e-10/79.4] Damping timescaleGyrtime.scale;phys.dampingdoublel_Rout/RpA[<] Upper limit flag on Rout/RpAmeta.code.errorcharRout/RpA[1.02/9.7]? Ratio of the outer radius of the possible ring and the planetary radius, assuming the tidally aligned ring configuration (R_out_/R_p_)_upp,Aligned_phys.size;arith.ratiofloatnullablel_Rout/RpS[<] Upper limit flag on Rout/RpSmeta.code.errorcharRout/RpS[1.01/2.22]? Ratio of the outer radius of the possible ring and the planetary radius, assuming the Saturn's ring configuration (R_out_/R_p_)_upp,Saturn_ (not in Table 1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatnullablel_Rout/R*[<] Upper limit flag on Rout/R*meta.code.errorcharRout/R*[0.021/0.463]? Ratio of the outer radius of the ring and the stellar radius (R_out_/R_*_)_upp_ (not in Table 1)phys.size;arith.ratiofloatnullableRp/R*[0.0157/0.3] Planet-to-star radius ratio (R_p_/R_*_)_ringless_ (2)phys.size;arith.ratiodoublee_Rp/R*[4e-06/40] Uncertainty in Rp/R*stat.errorfloatl_p[<] Upper limit flag on pmeta.code.errorcharp[1e-10/1] p-value (3)stat.fit.goodnessdoublechi2rgless[46.09/8830.73] Minimum value of {chi}^2^ for the ringless model {chi}^2^_ringless,min_stat.fit.chi2floatchi2rg[31.21/5904.78] Minimum value of {chi}^2^ for the ringed model {chi}^2^_ring,min_stat.fit.chi2floatNbin[40/500] Number of in-transit bins of the phase-folded light curve (typically 500)meta.numberintS/N[102.75/9353.67] Signal-to-noise ratiostat.snrfloatComComment (4)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main