J/AJ/155/161ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/161doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51550161CDSZiegler C.Law N.M.Baranec C.Riddle R.Duev D.A.Howard W.,Jensen-Clem R.Kulkarni S.R.Morton T.Salama M.2019-01-07T09:47:48Z2018-11-20T14:36:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsmultiple-starsphotometryvisible-astronomystellar-radiiWe present the overall statistical results from the Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey, comprising of 3857 high-angular resolution observations of planetary candidate systems with Robo-AO, an automated laser adaptive optics system. These observations reveal previously unknown nearby stars blended with the planetary candidate host stars that alter the derived planetary radii or may be the source of an astrophysical false positive transit signal. In the first three papers in the survey, we detected 440 nearby stars around 3313 planetary candidate host stars. In this paper, we present observations of 532 planetary candidate host stars, detecting 94 companions around 88 stars; 84 of these companions have not previously been observed in high resolution. We also report 50 more-widely separated companions near 715 targets previously observed by Robo-AO. We derive corrected planetary radius estimates for the 814 planetary candidates in systems with a detected nearby star. If planetary candidates are equally likely to orbit the primary or secondary star, the radius estimates for planetary candidates in systems with likely bound nearby stars increase by a factor of 1.54, on average. We find that 35 previously believed rocky planet candidates are likely not rocky due to the presence of nearby stars. From the combined data sets from the complete Robo-AO KOI survey, we find that 14.5+/-0.5% of planetary candidate hosts have a nearby star with 4", while 1.2% have two nearby stars, and 0.08% have three. We find that 16% of Earth-sized, 13% of Neptune-sized, 14% of Saturn-sized, and 19% of Jupiter-sized planet candidates have detected nearby stars.2018AJ....155..161Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/155/161CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJ/728/117 : Kepler planetary candidates. I. (Borucki+, 2011)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)J/A+A/546/A10 : Multiplicity in transiting planet-host stars (Lillo-Box+, 2012)J/AJ/144/42 : Infrared photometry of 90 KOIs (Adams+, 2012)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet candidates host starsJ/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)J/ApJ/806/248 : AO imaging of KOIs with gas giant planets (Wang+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/130 : Kepler multiple transiting planet systems (Wang+, 2015)J/AJ/152/8 : Impact of stellar multiplicity on planetary systems I.J/AJ/152/18 : Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey. II. (Baranec+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)J/AJ/153/25 : Near-infrared observations of 84 KOI systems (Atkinson+, 2017)J/AJ/153/66 : Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey. III.J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up observation program. I. ImagingJ/AJ/153/117 : KOIs companions from high-resolution imaging (Hirsch+, 2017)J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised stellar properties of Q1-17 Kepler targetshttp://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/161https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/161http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/161https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/161https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/161http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/161GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/155/161/table3 (Detections of objects outside 2.5" and within 4.0" of Kepler planet candidates from Law et al. (2014, J/ApJ/791/35) targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true300.151866145.08962140.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/155/161/table8 (Implications on derived radius of Kepler planetary candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.808549.31641670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/155/161/table9 (Full Robo-AO observation list)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table9?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table9?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/161/table9?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true280.94387542.83919440.0055555555555555564/922 933 5/3645 3647 3683 3692 3694 3695 3704 3706 3737 3738 3741 3776 3777 3778 3780 3782 3784 3785 3787 3789 3792 3793 6/14567 14573 14575 14578 14579 14584 14585 14586 14730 14731 14738 14744 14746 14749 14750 14751 14772 14774 14775 14792 14794 14795 14828 14830 14915 14917 14918 14919 14921 14923 14924 14925 14926 14944 14947 14957 14958 14959 14960 14961 14963 14969 14970 14971 14972 14973 14975 15040 15041 15043 15044 15045 15060 15061 15116 15118 15119 15124 15125 15126 15132 15133 15134 15145 15146 15147 15153 15154 15155 15160 15161 15176 15178 15200 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/155/161?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/155/161/table3Detections of objects outside 2.5" and within 4.0" of Kepler planet candidates from Law et al. (2014, J/ApJ/791/35) targetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifier (KOI-NNNN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharKpmag[7.899/18.59] Kepler apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatDateDate of the observationtime.epochnullableFiltFilter (LP600 or i)meta.id;instr.filtercharsigma[3/60.1] Detection significance of detected companions {sigma}stat.likelihood;obsfloatSep[0.53/3.95] Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloate_Sep[0.06] Uncertainty in Separcsecstat.errorfloatPA[0/357] Position angledegpos.posAnginte_PA[2/6]? Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorintnullableDmag[-0.67/6.92] Magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloate_Dmag[0/1.58] Uncertainty in Dmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;arith.difffloatRefReference of previous high-resolution observation (1)meta.refcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/155/161/table8Implications on derived radius of Kepler planetary candidatesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIPlanet candidate KOI number (KOI-NNNN.NN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharSep[0.21/4.54] Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatDmag[-0.36/7.22] Magnitude difference between target and secondary {Delta}mmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatRefReference code for nearby star detection (1)meta.notecharR*(p)[0.12/13.55] Primary stellar radius (2)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatR*(s)[0.22/2.58] Estimated secondary stellar radius (3)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatRp[0.35/576.1] Original planetary radius estimate (4)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatRp(p)[0.35/589.4] Estimated eclipsing object radius (5)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatRp(s)[0.7/1392] Estimated eclipsing object radius (6)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloat_RAPosition from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/155/161/table9Full Robo-AO observation listSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifier (K0NNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharNp[0/8] Number of planetary candidate(s) in Table 8meta.idintKpmag[7.9/18.79] Kepler apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatDateDate of the observationtime.epochnullableQualObservation quality (high, medium or low) (1)meta.code.qual;obs.param;obscharComp[yes ] Companion detected?meta.codechar_RAPosition from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/155/161/table1Detections of objects nearby 532 previously unpublished Kepler planet candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifier (KOI-NNNN in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharKpmag[7.899/18.59] Kepler apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatDateDate of the observationtime.epochnullableFiltFilter (LP600 or i)meta.id;instr.filtercharsigma[3/60.1] Detection significance of detected companions {sigma}stat.likelihood;obsfloatSep[0.53/3.95] Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloate_Sep[0.06] Uncertainty in Separcsecstat.errorfloatPA[0/357] Position angledegpos.posAnginte_PA[2/6]? Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorintnullableDmag[-0.67/6.92] Magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloate_Dmag[0/1.58] Uncertainty in Dmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;arith.difffloatRefReference of previous high-resolution observation (1)meta.refchar