J/AJ/155/136ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/136doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51550136CDSMayo A.W.Vanderburg A.Latham D.W.Bieryla A.Morton T.D.,Buchhave L.A.Dressing C.D.Beichman C.Berlind P.Calkins M.L.,Ciardi D.R.Crossfield I.J.M.Esquerdo G.A.Everett M.E.Gonzales E.J.,Hirsch L.A.Horch E.P.Howard A.W.Howell S.B.Livingston J.Patel R.,Petigura E.A.Schlieder J.E.Scott N.J.Schumer C.F.Sinukoff E.,Teske J.Winters J.G.2019-11-04T13:19:45Z2018-11-20T12:05:56ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsphotometryvisible-astronomyinfrared-photometrystellar-radiistellar-masseseffective-temperaturechemical-abundancesmultiple-starsSince 2014, NASA's K2 mission has observed large portions of the ecliptic plane in search of transiting planets and has detected hundreds of planet candidates. With observations planned until at least early 2018, K2 will continue to identify more planet candidates. We present here 275 planet candidates observed during Campaigns 0-10 of the K2 mission that are orbiting stars brighter than 13 mag (in Kepler band) and for which we have obtained high-resolution spectra (R=44000). These candidates are analyzed using the vespa package in order to calculate their false-positive probabilities (FPP). We find that 149 candidates are validated with an FPP lower than 0.1%, 39 of which were previously only candidates and 56 of which were previously undetected. The processes of data reduction, candidate identification, and statistical validation are described, and the demographics of the candidates and newly validated planets are explored. We show tentative evidence of a gap in the planet radius distribution of our candidate sample. Comparing our sample to the Kepler candidate sample investigated by Fulton et al. (2017, J/AJ/154/109), we conclude that more planets are required to quantitatively confirm the gap with K2 candidates or validated planets. This work, in addition to increasing the population of validated K2 planets by nearly 50% and providing new targets for follow-up observations, will also serve as a framework for validating candidates from upcoming K2 campaigns and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, expected to launch in 2018.2018AJ....155..136Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/155/136CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/50 : Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991)IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/A+A/579/A19 : K2 Variable Catalogue (Armstrong+, 2015)J/ApJ/809/25 : Stellar and planet properties for K2 candidatesJ/ApJ/809/77 : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)J/MNRAS/452/3561 : Kepler eclipsing binary stars. K2 Campaign 0J/A+A/586/A94 : Exoplanetary parameters for 18 bright stars (Ligi+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A100 : K2 new planetary and EB candidates (Barros+, 2016)J/ApJ/829/L9 : K2 LC of HD 3167 and Robo-AO image (Vanderburg+, 2016)J/ApJS/222/14 : Planetary candidates from 1st yr K2 missionJ/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)J/ApJS/226/7 : Planet candidates discovered using K2's 1st yrJ/AJ/153/66 : Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey. III.J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). III. Planet radiiJ/AJ/155/21 : Planet candidates from K2 campaigns 5-8 (Petigura+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/136https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/136http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/136https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/136https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/136http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/136GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/155/136/table3 (Stellar parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/136/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/136/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/136/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true182.7001869-6.2942050.0055555555555555566/267 270 275 279 311 313 328 353 376 391 397 406 413 437 467 476 1066 4269 4271 4273 4275 4281 4285 4330 4346 4514 4521 4629 4632 4659 4673 4675 4696 4698 4699 4700 4704 4716 4720 4730 4733 4816 4897 18009 18029 18033 18039 18044 18130 18132 18147 18344 18347 18350 18361 18434 18448 18453 18462 18469 18470 18473 18490 18491 18520 18536 18542 18561 18565 18567 18571 18578 18586 18588 18593 18628 18637 18668 24324 24344 25423 25428 25433 25443 25454 25463 25603 25614 25624 25627 25631 25650 25673 25674 25677 25689 25696 25697 25725 25747 25783 25794 25795 25800 25804 26278 26953 26959 26961 26981 26982 26990 26991 26992 27001 27085 27704 27777 27788 29002 29017 29022 29045 29349 29352 42910 42947 42948 42984 42986 44384 48028 48055 48113 48501 48503https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/155/136?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/155/136/table1High-resolution imagingInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEPIC[201110617/229133720] EPIC number (EPIC NNNNNNNNN)meta.id;meta.mainlongFilterFilter used (1)instr.setup;instr.filtercharJ/AJ/155/136/PlanetsPlanet candidate parameters (table 2) and detailed FPP table (table 5)E_R*[0.015/4.6] Upper uncertainty in R*solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintK2K2 identifier (K2-NNNa)meta.idcharEPICEPIC number (EPIC NNNNNNNNN.NN)meta.id;meta.maincharT0[1939.7758/2800.07702] Mid-transit time (BJD-2454833)dtime.epochdoubleE_T0[9e-05/0.021] Upper uncertainty in T0dstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_T0[8.8e-05/0.019] Lower uncertainty in T0dstat.error;stat.mindoublePer[0.251647/59.84857] Perioddtime.perioddoubleE_Per[1e-06/0.015] Upper uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Per[1e-06/0.016] Lower uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.mindoublea/R*[1.4/114.7] Semi-major axis relative to stellar radiusphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatE_a/R*[0.05/33] Upper uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.maxfloate_a/R*[0.048/39] Lower uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.minfloatInc[25/89.854] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_Inc[0.024/56] Upper uncertainty in Incdegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Inc[0.021/34] Lower uncertainty in Incdegstat.error;stat.minfloatRp/R*[0.0062/0.31] Planetary radius relative to stellar radiusphys.size.radiusdoubleE_Rp/R*[0.00056/0.38] Upper uncertainty in Rp/R*stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Rp/R*[0/0.11] Lower uncertainty in Rp/R*stat.error;stat.mindoubleRp/Re[0.58/317] Planetary radius relative to Earth radius R_p_/R_{Earth}_phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rp/Re[0.089/371] Upper uncertainty in Rp/Restat.error;stat.maxfloate_Rp/Re[0.057/179] Lower uncertainty in Rp/Restat.error;stat.minfloatR*[0.589/16] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_R*[0.013/2.7] Lower uncertainty in R*solRadstat.error;stat.minfloatM*[0.61/2.02] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatE_M*[0.019/0.47] Upper uncertainty in M*solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_M*[0.01/0.18] Lower uncertainty in M*solMassstat.error;stat.minfloatKpmag[7.218/13.5] Kepler apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatl_FPPLimit flag on FPPmeta.code.errorcharFPP[0/0.996]? False Positive Probability (1)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableDispDisposition (Planet or Candidate)src.classcharNotesNote code(s) (G1)meta.notecharThres[5/945] Secondary eclipse threshold(10-6)phot.mag;stat.minintApRad[12.4/42.2] Aperture radiusarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatAO-Speck[Y/N] AO or Speckle observation?meta.codecharl_PEB[<] Limit flag on PEBmeta.code.errorcharPEB[0/0.866]? Probability of eclipsing binarystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablel_PEBx2[<] Limit flag on PEBx2meta.code.errorcharPEBx2[0/0.988]? Probability of eclipsing binary at twice the periodstat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablel_PBEB[<] Limit flag on PBEBmeta.code.errorcharPBEB[0.0001/0.231]? Probability of background eclipsing binarystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablel_PBEBx2[<] Limit flag on PBEBx2meta.code.errorcharPBEBx2[0.0001/1.0]? Probability of background eclipsing binary at twice the periodstat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablel_PHEB[<] Limit flag on PHEBmeta.code.errorcharPHEB[0.0001/0.375]? Probability of hierarchical eclipsing binarystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablel_PHEBx2[<] Limit flag on PHEBx2meta.code.errorcharPHEBx2[0.0001/0.0176]? Probability of hierarchical eclipsing binary at twice the periodstat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableRVMLim[Y/N] Radial velocity mass limit?meta.codecharVFPP[-0.000276/1]? Vespa False Positive Probabilitystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableMulti[25/50]? Multiplicity boost (1)meta.code.multipintnullablel_AFPP[<] Limit flag on AFPPmeta.code.errorcharAFPP[0.0001/0.996]? Adopted False Positive Probabilitystat.fit.goodnessdoublenullableNoteNote code (G1)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/155/136/table3Stellar parametersNplNumber of planet candidate(s) in Table Planetsmeta.numbercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEPICEPIC number (EPIC NNNNNNNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharn_EPIC[ab] Note on EPIC (1)meta.notecharTeff[4315/6398] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloate_Teff[50/101] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloat[M/H][-1.1/0.48] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[M/H][0.08/0.095] Uncertainty in [M/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatlog(g)[2.07/4.74] Log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_log(g)[0.1/0.166] Uncertainty in log(g)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatR*[0.589/16] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_R*[0.015/4.6] Upper uncertainty in R*solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_R*[0.013/2.7] Lower uncertainty in R*solRadstat.error;stat.minfloatM*[0.61/2.02] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatE_M*[0.019/0.47] Upper uncertainty in M*solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_M*[0.01/0.18] Lower uncertainty in M*solMassstat.error;stat.minfloatKpmag[7.218/13.5] Kepler apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from the K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017, Cat. IV/34) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from the K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017, Cat. IV/34) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/155/136/table4Stellar S_HK_ activity indexrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEPIC[201437844/211993818] EPIC number (EPIC NNNNNNNNN)meta.id;meta.mainlongDateDate of observationtime.epochnullableSHK[0.1453/0.4189] S_HK_ stellar activity index (1)spect.indexfloate_SHK[0.0027/0.0045] Lower uncertainty in SHKstat.error;stat.minfloatE_SHK[0.0027/0.0044] Upper uncertainty in SHKstat.error;stat.maxfloat