J/AJ/155/122ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/122doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51550122CDSSchneider A.C.Shkolnik E.L.2019-10-25T06:53:54Z2019-10-25T07:52:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starslate-type-starsm-starsstellar-spectral-typesinfrared-photometryultraviolet-photometryLow-mass stars are currently the most promising targets for detecting and characterizing habitable planets in the solar neighborhood. However, the ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by such stars can erode and modify planetary atmospheres over time, drastically affecting their habitability. Thus, knowledge of the UV evolution of low-mass stars is critical for interpreting the evolutionary history of any orbiting planets. Shkolnik & Barman (2014, J/AJ/148/64) used photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) to show how UV emission evolves for early-type M stars (>0.35 M_{sun}_). In this paper, we extend their work to include both a larger sample of low-mass stars with known ages as well as M stars with lower masses. We find clear evidence that mid- and late-type M stars (0.08-0.35 M_{sun}_) do not follow the same UV evolutionary trend as early-Ms. Lower-mass M stars retain high levels of UV activity up to field ages, with only a factor of 4 decrease on average in GALEX NUV and FUV flux density between young (<50 Myr) and old (~5 Gyr) stars, compared to a factor of 11 and 31 for early-Ms in NUV and FUV, respectively. We also find that the FUV/NUV flux density ratio, which can affect the photochemistry of important planetary biosignatures, is mass- and age-dependent for early-Ms, but remains relatively constant for the mid- and late-type Ms in our sample.2018AJ....155..122Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/155/122CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/130 : LDS Catalogue: Doubles with Common Proper Motion (Luyten 1940-87)B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/A+A/18/341 : Double stars of equal components (Stock+, 1972)J/AJ/80/379 : Hyades cluster: motion, membership, and distanceJ/MNRAS/257/257 : Proper motions in the Hyades (Reid 1992)J/A+A/331/81 : Hyades membership (Perryman+ 1998)J/ApJS/173/673 : M dwarf UV flares in GALEX (Welsh+, 2007)J/A+A/481/661 : Hyades brown dwarfs and very low mass stars (Bouvier+, 2008)J/AcA/58/405 : ASAS eclipsing binaries with RASS counterpartJ/A+A/509/A52 : Search for companions with VLT/NACO (Chauvin+, 2010)J/AJ/140/119 : {beta}Pic and AB Dor moving groups membersJ/A+A/531/A92 : Deep all-sky census of the Hyades (Roeser+, 2011)J/AJ/143/80 : Low-mass member candidates of {beta} Pic & AB DORJ/AJ/143/134 : Candidate members of {beta} Pic / AB Dor groupsJ/ApJ/753/147 : Herschel observations stars in THA (Donaldson+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)J/A+A/559/A43 : Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) observations of the HyadesJ/AJ/146/76 : Astrometry and photometry of UCAC4 double starsJ/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate membersJ/ApJ/766/9 : GALEX observations of exoplanet host stars (Shkolnik, 2013)J/MNRAS/431/2063 : UV/X-ray activity of M dwarfs within 10pc (Stelzer+, 2013)J/A+A/568/A26 : SACY. V. Multiple systems (Elliott+, 2014)J/AJ/147/85 : Solar neighborhood. XXXIII. 45 M dwarfs (Riedel+, 2014)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/AJ/148/64 : HAZMAT. I. FUV and NUV emission in early M starsJ/ApJ/788/81 : BANYAN III. RVel and rotation of low-mass starsJ/A+A/583/A85 : Binaries in beta Pic moving group (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)J/ApJ/798/73 : BANYAN All-Sky Survey (BASS) catalog. V. Nearby YMGsJ/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)J/A+A/590/A13 : New candidate members in young associations (Elliott+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A70 : Young moving group M-dwarf multiplicity (Janson+, 2017)J/AJ/154/67 : HAZMAT. II. Low-mass stars with GALEX UV observationsJ/AJ/154/69 : ACRONYM II. The {beta} Pictoris Moving GroupJ/ApJ/840/87 : Young star systems observed with SALT (Riedel+, 2017)J/ApJ/846/93 : The multiplicity of M dwarfs in young moving groupshttp://galex.stsci.edu/galexview/ : GalexViewhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/155/122https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/155/122GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/155/122/table5 (Target GALEX photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/122/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/122/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/155/122/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true153.0378781-31.41257890.0055555555555555565/5880 6058 6059 6/46 62 107 125 197 211 250 287 305 313 315 318 321 322 324 325 327 330 334 335 336 339 344 345 350 355 357 360 365 367 368 369 370 378 379 381 401 405 407 438 458 465 470 475 488 499 518 528 546 583 671 701 706 722 729 766 780 803 811 820 823 837 847 850 879 882 924 940 959 989 997 1020 1025 1026 1027 1029 1035 1036 1037 1038 1044 1050 1057 1061 1062 1065 1068 1075 1094 1097 1127 1146 1158 1167 1180 1234 1239 1245 1272 1451 1473 1554 1614 1640 1676 1738 1827 2139 2163 2325 2375 2383 2545 2660 2671 2737 2743 2784 3345 4158 4444 4468 4693 4867 5000 5420 5534 5590 5659 5666 5677 6700 6726 6797 7103 7264 7760 8023 9471 9629 9839 10149 10203 10771 11081 11569 11853 12454 12679 13450 13451 13688 14858 15311 15355 15686 15960 16041 16391 16455 16502 16719 16747 16758 16827 16997 17288 17297 17348 17394 17502 17604 17606 17607 17714 17786 17857 17871 18344 18440 18450 18496 18760 18761 19144 19163 19175 19382 19466 19471 19877 19888 20071 20074 20100 20257 20282 20381 20602 20618 21120 21146 21156 21177 21180 21202 21254 21391 21418 21420 22014 22309 22355 22535 22547 22558 22683 22713 22760 22781 22807 22830 22847 22882 22906 22916 22948 22949 22970 22978 23022 23035 23094 23169 23211 23256 23288 23315 23321 23324 23325 23328 23329 23348 23359 23362 23368 23369 23370 23375 23378 23385 23386 23387 23388 23395 23399 23415 23416 23419 23453 23476 23490 23496 23498 23499 23501 23507 23508 23509 23512 23515 23517 23526 23527 23530 23531 23535 23539 23542 23544 23545 23548 23549 23722 23910 24066 24078 24094 24097 24099 24102 24103 24110 24111 24124 24126 24194 24196 24200 24201 24202 24208 24210 24211 24215 24216 24220 24224 24225 24226 24228 24229 24230 24241 24242 24244 24246 24249 24251 24256 24280 24297 24298 24344 24359 24360 24363 24627 24629 24644 24719 24740 24763 24843 26250 26279 26560 26583 26594 26699 26972 27201 27392 27459 27462 27731 27762 28343 28955 28993 29168 29357 29684 30860 31505 31850 32847 32917 32930 32970 33006 33055 33065 33129 33170 33186 33342 33355 33367 33370 33382 33422 33425 33429 33449 33456 33461 33464 33468 33482 33501 33512 33513 33520 33523 33533 33551 33593 33594 33643 33666 33670 33677 33689 33694 33706 33716 33718 33737 33756 33850 33882 33919 33964 33965 33993 33996 34012 34118 34127 34145 34152 34181 34266 34312 34380 34415 34486 34530 34535 34538 34611 34742 34819 34830 34834 34840 34843 34857 34920 34959 34963 35002 35027 35037 35112 35123 35131 35154 35268 35415 35447 35531 35640 35768 35814 35845 35847 35859 35885 35887 36060 36466 36509 36526 36543 36614 36641 36789 36793 36809 36909 36948 37131 38199 38213 38322 38341 38347 38359 38363 38742 38797 38850 39331 39499 40435 40505 40801 41295 41591 42054 42314 42459 43571 43580 43598 43670 43704 43707 43723 44056 44751 45069 45073 45168 45224 45324 45336 45345 45378 45389 45394 45416 45471 45472 45492 45503 45510 45852 45876 45894 45967 45977 45987 46082 46087 46115 46201 46207 46339 46383 46566 46601 46629 46632 46692 46739 46754 46758 46922 47061 47207 47242 47249 47414 47487 47570 47591 47826 47911 47941 47943 48263 48274 48318 48325 48553 48569 48648 48676 48800 491351.5062136169708525e-19 1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/155/122?format=asciiInfraredUVdefaultJ/AJ/155/122/refsList of referencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.noteintAutAuthor's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharBibcodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharComCommentmeta.notecharJ/AJ/155/122/table5Target GALEX photometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDCluster/group identifiermeta.id.parentchar2MASS2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharDisRef[1/56]? Discovery reference code (see refs.dat file) (1)pos.frameintnullableSpTypeMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharJmag[4.203/15.35] 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.017/0.3] Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatl_FUVmag[>] Limit flag on FUVmagmeta.code.errorcharFUVmag[16.501/25.733]? GALEX FUV band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullablee_FUVmag[0.005/0.71]? Uncertainty in FUVmag (2)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullablel_NUVmag[>] Limit flag on NUVmagmeta.code.errorcharNUVmag[15/24.244]? GALEX NUV band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.UVfloatnullablee_NUVmag[0.003/0.674]? Uncertainty in NUVmag (2)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatnullablel_fFUV/fJ[<] Limit flag on fFUV/fJmeta.code.errorcharfFUV/fJ[9.82e-08/0.0061]? Ratio of FUV to J bands flux densitiesphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullablel_fNUV/fJ[<] Limit flag on fNUV/fJmeta.code.errorcharfNUV/fJ[1.44e-06/0.0456]? Ratio of NUV to J bands flux densitiesphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullableBinBinary information (VB=Visual binary, SB=Spectroscopic binary)meta.notecharr_BinBinary reference(s) (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main