J/AJ/154/5ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/5doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51540005CDSHadden S.Lithwick Y.2017-09-04T07:50:56Z2017-09-01T14:17:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsstellar-massesWe conduct a uniform analysis of the transit timing variations (TTVs) of 145 planets from 55 Kepler multiplanet systems to infer planet masses and eccentricities. Eighty of these planets do not have previously reported mass and eccentricity measurements. We employ two complementary methods to fit TTVs: Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations based on N-body integration, and an analytic fitting approach. Mass measurements of 49 planets, including 12 without previously reported masses, meet our criterion for classification as robust. Using mass and radius measurements, we infer the masses of planets' gaseous envelopes for both our TTV sample and transiting planets with radial velocity observations. Insight from analytic TTV formulae allows us to partially circumvent degeneracies inherent to inferring eccentricities from TTV observations. We find that planet eccentricities are generally small, typically a few percent, but in many instances are nonzero.2017AJ....154....5Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/154/5CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJS/225/9 : Kepler TTVs. IX. (Holczer+, 2016)J/ApJS/217/16 : Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12 (Rowe+, 2015)J/ApJ/800/135 : HARPS-N radial velocities of KOI-69 (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/154 : Kepler-10 RV measurements by HARPS-N (Dumusque+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/A+A/549/A10 : Transits of GJ 1214 (Harpsoe+, 2013)J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)J/ApJ/749/15 : The Kepler-20 planetary system (Gautier+, 2012)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)J/ApJ/728/138 : Follow-up photometry of HAT-P-26 (Hartman+, 2011)J/PASP/123/412 : Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJ/710/1724 : Follow-up photometry for HAT-P-11 (Bakos+, 2010)J/A+A/520/A66 : CoRoT-8b light and RV curves (Borde+, 2010)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/5https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/5http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/5https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/5https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/5http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/5GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/154/5/table3 (Transiting radial velocity planets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/5/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/5/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/5/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true285.615320850.13575280.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/154/5/table1 (Masses from Transit Timing Variations (TTVs))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/5/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/5/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/5/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true285.573983338.40088330.0055555555555555565/3734 6/413 14585 14586 14587 14591 14731 14733 14734 14735 14744 14751 14753 14757 14762 14763 14764 14767 14774 14779 14781 14794 14824 14825 14918 14920 14923 14924 14925 14929 14931 14932 14933 14935 14959 14963 14966 14967 14969 14973 14975 15060 15104 15109 15110 15115 15116 15118 15120 15127 15131 15134 15137 15143 15149 15158 15160 15169 15170 15172 18800 22065 22078 26062 30450 30466 31216 38464 44317https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/154/5?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/154/5/table3Transiting radial velocity planetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTransiting radial velocity planet name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharPer[0.36/66.26] Period (2)dtime.periodfloatMass[1.6/69.9] Mass (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mass[0.4/22] 1{sigma} upper error bound on Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass[0.2/21] 1{sigma} lower error bound on Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatRad[0.8/6.4] Radius (2)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad[0.02/0.8] 1{sigma} upper error bound on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Rad[0.02/0.5] 1{sigma} lower error bound on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatRefReference; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharH16Number of planets in the Q1-17 catalog of Holczer et al. 2016 (Cat. J/ApJS/225/9) within 1.5''meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/154/5/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.note;meta.maincharprimaryBibCodeBibliographic codemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notecharJ/AJ/154/5/table1Masses from Transit Timing Variations (TTVs)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePlanet name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharZ2Display the combined eccentricities (table2) for the pair with this planetmeta.numberintnullableZ1Display the combined eccentricities (table2) for the pair with this planetmeta.numberintnullableR[0/1] Robust flag (1=planet mass inference is robust, 0=otherwise); see Section 3meta.code.errorintPer[3.072/199.67] Orbital perioddtime.periodfloatRad[0.4/13.1] Planet radius (2)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad[0.03/2.3] 1{sigma} upper error bound on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Rad[0.03/2.1] 1{sigma} lower error bound on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatr_Rad[a-g] Source of planet-star radius ratio (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharMstar[0.5/1.4] Mass of host starsolMassphys.massfloatE_Mstar[0.03/0.2] 1{sigma} upper error bound on MstarsolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mstar[0.02/0.3] 1{sigma} lower error bound on MstarsolMassstat.errorfloatl_Md[01] Md upper limit flag (1=upper, 0=otherwise) (3)meta.code.errorcharMd[0.01/527.7] Planet mass from default prior (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Md[0.01/44.1]? 1{sigma} upper error bound on Md(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Md[0.01/9.7]? 1{sigma} lower error bound on Md(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatnullablerhod[0.01/172.9] Planet density from default prior (2)g.cm**-3phys.densityfloatE_rhod[0.01/20.6]? 1{sigma} upper error bound on rhodg.cm**-3stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_rhod[0.01/5.7]? 1{sigma} lower error bound on rhodg.cm**-3stat.errorfloatnullablel_Mh[0/1] Mh upper limit flag (1=upper, 0=otherwise) (3)meta.code.errorcharMh[0.1/529.9] Planet mass from high mass prior (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mh[0.05/101.4]? 1{sigma} upper error bound on Mh(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Mh[0/9.3]? 1{sigma} lower error bound on Mh(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatnullablerhoh[0.02/306.8] Planet density from high mass priorg.cm**-3phys.densityfloatE_rhoh[0.01/110.5]? 1{sigma} upper error bound on rhohg.cm**-3stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_rhoh[0.02/9.4]? 1{sigma} lower error bound on rhohg.cm**-3stat.errorfloatnullableRefReference for planets with masses previously inferred from N-body Transit Timing Variation (TTV) fits or radial velocity observations; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharH16Number of planets in the Q1-17 catalog of Holczer et al. 2016 (Cat. J/ApJS/225/9) within 1.5''meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPosition from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/154/5/table2Combined eccentricities of adjacent Transit Timing Variation (TTV) planet pairsFigContraint plot (Figure 9.)meta.bib.figcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanet1Planet 1 of the pairmeta.id.part;meta.maincharPlanet2Planet 2 of the pairmeta.id.part;meta.maincharMMRPlanet pair's nearest first- or second-order Mean-Motion-Resonance (MMR)src.orbitalcharDelta[0.0002/0.172] Normalized distance to resonance {Delta} (1)pos.distance;arith.ratiofloatZd[0.001/0.26] Combined eccentricity, default prior (|Z|) (2)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_Zd[0.0002/0.173] 1{sigma} upper error bound on Zd (2)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Zd[0.0002/0.16] 1{sigma} lower error bound on Zd (2)stat.errorfloatZp-d[0/0.244] Projected Z, default prior (Z_proj_) (3)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_Zp-d[0.0002/0.11] 1{sigma} upper error bound on Zp-dstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Zp-d[0.0002/0.22] 1{sigma} lower error bound on Zp-dstat.errorfloatZh[0.001/0.088] Combined eccentricity, high mass prior (|Z|) (2)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_Zh[0.0001/0.029] 1{sigma} upper error bound on Zh (2)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Zh[0.0001/0.045] 1{sigma} lower error bound on Zh (2)stat.errorfloatZp-h[0/0.09] Projected Z, high mass prior (Z_proj_) (3)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_Zp-h[0.0001/0.03] 1{sigma} upper error bound on Zp-hstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Zp-h[0.0001/0.05] 1{sigma} lower error bound on Zp-hstat.errorfloat