J/AJ/154/163ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/163doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51540163CDSIzumi N.Kobayashi N.Yasui C.Saito M.Hamano S.2019-11-11T22:00:00Z2018-08-02T11:48:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxymolecular-cloudsstar-forming-regionsinfrared-photometryThe outer Galaxy beyond the Outer Arm provides a good opportunity to study star formation in an environment significantly different from that in the solar neighborhood. However, star-forming regions in the outer Galaxy have never been comprehensively studied or cataloged because of the difficulties in detecting them at such large distances. We studied 33 known young star-forming regions associated with 13 molecular clouds at R_G_>=13.5 kpc in the outer Galaxy with data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mid-infrared all-sky survey (Wright et al. 2010AJ....140.1868W; Jarrett et al. 2011ApJ...735..112J). From their color distribution, we developed a simple identification criterion of star-forming regions in the outer Galaxy with the WISE color. We applied the criterion to all the WISE sources in the molecular clouds in the outer Galaxy at R_G_>=13.5 kpc detected with the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) ^12^CO survey of the outer Galaxy (Heyer et al. 1998ApJS..115..241H), of which the survey region is 102.49{deg}=<l=<141.54{deg}, -3.03{deg}=<b=<5.41{deg}, and successfully identified 711 new candidate star-forming regions in 240 molecular clouds. The large number of samples enables us to perform the statistical study of star formation properties in the outer Galaxy for the first time. This study is crucial to investigate the fundamental star formation properties, including star formation rate, star formation efficiency, and initial mass function, in a primordial environment such as the early phase of the Galaxy formation.2017AJ....154..163Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/154/163CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/ApJ/551/852 : FCRAO CO survey of the outer Galaxy (Heyer+, 2001)J/A+A/399/1083 : Outer Galaxy IRAS sources and 12CO emission (Kerton+, 2003)J/ApJS/144/47 : Outer galaxy molecular cloud catalog (Brunt+, 2003)J/A+A/464/909 : JHK photometry near IRAS 06145+1455 (Brand+, 2007)J/ApJS/212/1 : The WISE catalog of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2014)J/ApJS/224/7 : CO obs. of the outer arm in the 2nd quadrant (Du+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/163https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/163http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/163https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/163https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/163http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/163GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/154/163/table1 (Molecular clouds with associating sample star-forming regions in the FOG and EOG)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true31.0839563.1670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/154/163/table2 (and candidate star-forming regions and the WISE sources in the outer Galaxy)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true31.0500763.193290.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/154/163/table4 (Molecular clouds with associating new candidate star-forming regions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true48.6107461.120390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/154/163/table5 (New candidate star-forming regions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/163/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true48.5790161.156660.0055555555555555565/767 912 931 937 3920 3921 6/3063 3066 3067 3273 3275 3277 3279 3280 3281 3286 3289 3290 3292 3294 3297 3299 3300 3301 3302 3305 3307 3308 3309 3311 3314 3316 3320 3456 3613 3614 3615 3637 3638 3639 3640 3643 3644 3645 3652 3653 3654 3656 3657 3658 3660 3716 3717 3719 3728 3729 3730 3732 3734 3736 3739 3744 3746 3747 3752 3760 3762 14322 14323 14329 14332 14333 14335 15630 15631 15639 15642 15652 15653 15655 15666 15670 15688 15693 15700 15703 15704 15705 15712 237678.988462024794503e-21 5.929689329612675e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/154/163?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/154/163/table1Molecular clouds with associating sample star-forming regions in the FOG and EOGDist[6.3/16] Kinematic distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegion[EOG FOG] Region (EOG=Extreme Outer Galaxy, FOG=Far Outer Galaxy)obs.fieldcharCloudMolecular cloud identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryGLON[130.539/195.82] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-1/2.797] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latVLSR[-102.4/34.01] Local standard of rest velocity of cloudkm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatRgal[13.5/22] Galactocentric radiuskpcphys.size.radius;pos.galactocentricfloatl_Age[<] Limit flag on Agemeta.code.error;time.agecharb_Age[0.5/1]? Minimum of cloud age rangeMyrtime.age;stat.minfloatnullableB_Age[1]? Maximum of cloud age rangeMyrtime.age;stat.maxfloatnullableRefReferences (1)meta.refcharmoreindicates SFR data in Tables 2-3 for this cloudmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/AJ/154/163/table2and candidate star-forming regions and the WISE sources in the outer GalaxyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegion[EOG FOG] Region (EOG=Extreme Outer Galaxy, FOG=Far Outer Galaxy)meta.notecharCloudMolecular cloud identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSFRPrevious identification of the star-forming region (1)meta.codecharTypeSFR type (2)src.classcharWISEALLWISE position based identifiermeta.idcharGLON[130.54/195.823] Galactic longitude of ALLWISE sourcedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-1.108/2.767] Galactic latitude of ALLWISE sourcedegpos.galactic.latW1mag[9.211/17.11] ALLWISE W1 (3.35{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_W1mag[0.016/0.191] Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW2mag[7.435/15.844] ALLWISE W2 (4.6{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2mag[0.014/0.153] Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW3mag[3.379/11.362] ALLWISE W3 (11.6{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_W3mag[0.005/0.212] Uncertainty in W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW4mag[-0.009/8.802] ALLWISE W4 (22.1{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_W4mag[0.004/0.526]? Uncertainty in W4mag (G2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableAllWISEDisplay data from the AllWISE Data Release (Cutri et al. 2013, Cat. II/328)meta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/AJ/154/163/table3Contamination rate for molecular clouds with associating star-forming regionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCloudMolecular cloud identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSourceSurvey data source (NRO, FCRAO)meta.idcharNSFR[0/25]? Number of SFR and candidate SFR in the cloudmeta.numberintnullableArea[18/130]? Cloud areaarcmin**2phys.angSizeintnullabledSFR[0.024/0.54]? Density of SFR and candidate SFR in the cloudarcmin**-2phys.densitydoublenullableNCand[21/147]? Number of candidate SFR in the fieldmeta.numberintnullabledCand[0.0072/0.054]? Density of candidate SFR in in the fieldarcmin**-2phys.densitydoublenullableCont[3/54]? Contamination rate%stat.fit.goodnessintnullableJ/AJ/154/163/table4Molecular clouds with associating new candidate star-forming regionsNoteNote (2)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[BKP2003]Cloud identification number ([BKP2003]NNNNN) (G1)meta.id;meta.mainintGLON[102.632/141.464] Galactic longitude (G1)degpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-2.044/5.099] Galactic latitude (G1)degpos.galactic.latVLSR[-107.35/-50.66] Local standard of rest velocity of cloud centroid (G1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatDist[5.8/21.5] Kinematic distance (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatRgal[13.5/28.3] Galactocentric radiuskpcphys.size.radius;pos.galactocentricfloatNCand[1/24] Number of candidate(s) in the cloudmeta.numberintCont[1/231] Contamination rate%stat.fit.goodnessfloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/AJ/154/163/table5New candidate star-forming regionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[BKP2003]Cloud identification number ([BKP2003]NNNNN) (G1)meta.id;meta.mainintf_ID[m] Multiple clouds flag for source (1)meta.codecharWISEALLWISE position based identifiermeta.idcharGLON[102.59/141.479] Galactic longitude of ALLWISE sourcedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-2.04/5.14] Galactic latitude of ALLWISE sourcedegpos.galactic.latW1mag[7.879/17.537] ALLWISE W1 (3.35{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_W1mag[0.014/0.213] Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW2mag[6.733/16.202] ALLWISE W2 (4.6{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2mag[0.014/0.195] Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW3mag[1.41/12.184] ALLWISE W3 (11.6{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_W3mag[0.005/0.219] Uncertainty in W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW4mag[-2.147/9.441] ALLWISE W4 (22.1{mu}m) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_W4mag[0.002/0.542]? Uncertainty in W4mag (G2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableAllWISEDisplay data from the AllWISE Data Release (Cutri et al. 2013, Cat. II/328)meta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexed