J/AJ/153/71ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/71doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51530071CDSFurlan E.Ciardi D.R.Everett M.E.Saylors M.Teske J.K.Horch E.P.,Howell S.B.van Belle G.T.Hirsch L.A.Gautier T.N.Adams E.R.,Barrado D.Cartier K.M.S.Dressing C.D.Dupree A.K.Gilliland R.L.,Lillo-Box J.Lucas P.W.Wang J.2017-09-04T07:53:37Z2017-07-25T16:12:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsinfrared-photometryhst-photometryWe present results from high-resolution, optical to near-IR imaging of host stars of Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs), identified in the original Kepler field. Part of the data were obtained under the Kepler imaging follow-up observation program over six years (2009-2015). Almost 90% of stars that are hosts to planet candidates or confirmed planets were observed. We combine measurements of companions to KOI host stars from different bands to create a comprehensive catalog of projected separations, position angles, and magnitude differences for all detected companion stars (some of which may not be bound). Our compilation includes 2297 companions around 1903 primary stars. From high-resolution imaging, we find that ~10% (~30%) of the observed stars have at least one companion detected within 1'' (4''). The true fraction of systems with close (<~4'') companions is larger than the observed one due to the limited sensitivities of the imaging data. We derive correction factors for planet radii caused by the dilution of the transit depth: assuming that planets orbit the primary stars or the brightest companion stars, the average correction factors are 1.06 and 3.09, respectively. The true effect of transit dilution lies in between these two cases and varies with each system. Applying these factors to planet radii decreases the number of KOI planets with radii smaller than 2R_{Earth}_ by ~2%-23% and thus affects planet occurrence rates. This effect will also be important for the yield of small planets from future transit missions such as TESS.2017AJ....153...71Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/153/71CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/AJ/152/18 : Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey. II (Baranec+, 2016)J/AJ/152/8 : Impact of stellar mult. on planetary systems I. (Kraus+, 2016)J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive probabilities for DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)J/ApJS/217/16 : Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12 (Rowe+, 2015)J/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of Kepler planet candidates host stars (Law+, 2014)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/AJ/144/42 : Infrared photometry of 90 KOIs (Adams+, 2012)J/A+A/546/A10 : Multiplicity in planet-host stars (Lillo-Box+, 2012)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)J/ApJ/728/117 : Kepler planetary candidates. I. (Borucki+, 2011)J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)J/AJ/141/45 : Speckel observations of HIP stars (Horch+, 2011)https://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/cfop.php : CFOP websitehttp://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/71https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/71http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/71https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/71https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/71http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/71GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/153/71/table2 (Summary of KOI host stars observed with high-resolution imaging techniques)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/71/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/71/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/71/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.808486949.31641580.0055555555555555564/922 923 933 934 935 944 945 946 5/3645 3646 3647 3683 3704 3706 3729 3730 3731 3788 3789 3792 3793 6/14559 14567 14573 14575 14577 14578 14579 14730 14731 14738 14744 14746 14749 14750 14751 14792 14794 14795 14828 14830 14914 14915 15040 15041 15043 15044 15045 15057 15059 15060 15061 15062 15160 15161 15176 15178 15200 152327.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/153/71?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/153/71/table3Summary of high-resolution imaging observations of KOI host starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[1/7591] Kepler Object of Interest number of the starmeta.id;meta.mainintKIC[757450/12885212] Kepler Input Catalog identifier the starmeta.idintNcNumber of companions around the primary star (table8)meta.numberintnullablecorrIndicates planet correction factors (tables 9 and 10)meta.ref.urlcharTelTelescope where the images were taken (either CAHA, DCT, Gem, HST, Keck, LBT, Lick, MMT, Pal1.5, Pal5, or WIYN) (G1)meta.id;instr.telcharInstInstrument used (ARIES, AstraLux, DSSI, IRCAL, LMIRCam, NIRC2, NIRI, PHARO, Robo-AO, or WFC3) (G2)instr.setupcharFltFilter/band of the observation (447nm, 562nm, 692nm, 880nm, Br-gamma, F555W, F775W, H, J, K', Kcont, Ks, L', LP600, i', r', or z')obs.param;obscharPSF[0/1]? Typical width of the stellar Point Spread Function (PSF)arcsecinstr.det.psffloatnullableDmag[0/9.01]? Typical sensitivity in magnitudes (usually 5{sigma}) at a certain separation from the primary star ({Delta}m) (1)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableSep[0.03/1]? Separation from primary star for magnitude sensitivity Dmag (d_{Delta}m_)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableJ/AJ/153/71/companionsPlanet radius correction factors assuming planets orbit the primary stars (table9), and assuming planets orbit the brightest companion stars (table10)NobsNumber of observations (table3)meta.numberintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOrbitPlanets orbit the primary star (table9), or the brightest companion star (table10)meta.codecharKOI[1/7606] Kepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainintm_KOI[BCD] Companion identifier (B...; as defined in table8) of the star assumed to host the planetsmeta.code.multipcharNcNumber of companions around the primary star (table8)meta.numberintnullableImgIndicates imaging summary (table2)meta.ref.urlcharHST[1/8.43]? Planet radius correction factor from {Delta}m measurements in F555W,F775W bands (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_HST[0/2.16]? Uncertainty in HSTstat.errordoublenullablei'[1/7.37]? Planet Radius Correction Factor from {Delta}m measurements in i' band (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_i'[0/5.1]? Uncertainty in i'stat.errordoublenullable692nm[1.001/5.33]? Planet Radius Correction Factor from {Delta}m measurements in 692nm band (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_692nm[0.0001/1.39]? Uncertainty in 692nmstat.errordoublenullableLP600[1/5.73]? Planet Radius Correction Factor from {Delta}m measurements in LP600 band (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_LP600[0/1.53]? Uncertainty in LP600stat.errordoublenullableJ[-46.27/10.51]? Planet Radius Correction Factor from {Delta}m measurements in J band (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_J[0/20.62]? Uncertainty in Jstat.errordoublenullableK[1/49.26]? Planet Radius Correction Factor from {Delta}m measurements in K band (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_K[0/21.94]? Uncertainty in Kstat.errordoublenullableJK1[1/6.6]? Planet Radius Correction Factor, J-K (dwarf) (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_JK1[0/77.72]? Uncertainty in JK1stat.errordoublenullableJK2[-1.06/6.85]? Planet Radius Correction Factor, J-K (giant) (1)instr.paramdoublenullablee_JK2[0/4.1]? Uncertainty in JK2stat.errordoublenullableAvg[1/49.26]? Weighted average of the correction factorsinstr.paramfloatnullablee_Avg[0.0001/22]? Uncertainty in Avgstat.errorfloatnullableJ/AJ/153/71/table2Summary of KOI host stars observed with high-resolution imaging techniquesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[1/7591] Kepler Object of Interest number of the starmeta.id;meta.mainintKIC[757450/12885212] Kepler Input Catalog identifier of the starmeta.idintNcNumber of companions around the primary star (table8)meta.numberintnullableNobsNumber of observations (table3)meta.numberintnullablecorrIndicates planet correction factors (tables 9 and 10)meta.ref.urlcharNcp[0/6] Number of confirmed planetsmeta.numberintNpc[0/4] Number of planet candidatesmeta.numberintNfp[0/5] Number of false positivesmeta.numberintRp[0/200346] Radius of the smallest planet in the system (R_p,min_) (1)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusdoubleKmin[1.01/7591.01] KOI number of the smallest planet in systemmeta.id.assocfloatTeq[0/14225] Equilibrium temperature of the coolest planet in the system (1)Kphys.temperatureintKcool[1.01/7591.01] KOI number of the coolest planet in systemmeta.id.assocfloatKpmag[6.9/18.8] Kepler magnitude of the KOI host starmagphot.mag;em.optfloatVmag[7.5/19.6]? V band magnitude of KOI hostmagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableKsmag[4.7/16.1]? Ks band magnitude of KOI hostmagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableTelTelescope code(s) (see also table1) (G1)meta.code;instr.telcharOCatOther Kepler catalogsmeta.numberintnullableA12Number of data in Adams et al. 2012 (Cat. J/AJ/144/42)meta.numberintnullableH11Number of data in Howell et al. 2011 (Cat. J/AJ/142/19)meta.numberintnullableB16Number of data in Baranec et al. 2016 (Cat. J/AJ/152/18)meta.numberintnullableLB12Number of data in Lillo-Box 2012 (Cat. J/A+A/546/A10)meta.numberintnullableLB14Number of data in Lillo-Box et al. 2014 (Cat. J/A+A/566/A103)meta.numberintnullableK16Number of data in Kraus et al. 2016 (Cat. J/AJ/152/8)meta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition of the host star from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition of the host star from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/AJ/153/71/table1High-resolution imaging observations of KOI host starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFacFacility telescopemeta.id;instr.telcharSizeMirror sizemphys.size;instr.telfloatTelTelescope short code used in other tables (G1)meta.code;instr.setupcharInstInstrument used (G2)instr.setupcharBandBands/filters of the observationsinstr.bandpasscharPSF? Typical width of the Point Spread Function (PSF)arcsecinstr.det.psffloatnullableNkoiNumber of KOI host stars observed at each facilitymeta.numberintRefReferences where the data are published (1)meta.refcharJ/AJ/153/71/table8Relative photometry ({Delta}m), separations and position angles for companions to KOI host starsDzmag[0.084/5.71]? Magnitude difference in z'-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[1/7606] Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) number of the host starmeta.id;meta.mainintprimarym_KOI[BCDEFGH] The identifier we assigned to each companion star ("B" for the first companion, "C" for the second companion, etc.) (1)meta.code.multipcharNobsNumber of observations (table3)meta.numberintnullableImgIndicates imaging summary (table2)meta.numberintnullablecorrplanet radius correction factors (tables 9 and 10)meta.ref.urlcharKIC1[1161345/12785320] Kepler Input Catalog (KIC) identifier of the primary star (KICID_prim_) (2)meta.idintKIC2[1161345/12785320] Kepler Input Catalog (KIC) identifier of the companion ("secondary") star (KICID_sec_) (2)meta.idintf_KIC2Flag for blended KIC2 (blend) (3)meta.codecharSep[0.016/4] Separation of the companion relative to the primary (d)arcsecpos.angDistancefloate_Sep[0.05/0.45] Uncertainty in Separcsecstat.errorfloatPAPosition angle (from North through East) of the companion relative to the primarydegpos.posAngfloate_PA[1/7.1] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatDUmag[-1.9/4.4]? Magnitude difference in U-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DUmag[0.02/0.17]? Uncertainty in DUmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDBmag[-1.6/6.6]? Magnitude difference in B-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DBmag[0.025/0.18]? Uncertainty in DBmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDVmag[-1.32/6.3]? Magnitude difference in V-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DVmag[0.018/0.15]? Uncertainty in DVmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDF555W[0.16/11.61]? Magnitude difference in F555W band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DF555W[0.023/1.1]? Uncertainty in DF555Wmagstat.errorfloatnullableDF775W[0.16/10]? Magnitude difference in F775W band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DF775W[0.016/0.175]? Uncertainty in DF775Wmagstat.errorfloatnullableDimag[0.01/9.3]? Magnitude difference i'-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_Dimag[0.01/1.6]? Uncertainty in Dimagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablee_Dzmag[0.01/0.35]? Uncertainty in Dzmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDLP600[-0.36/7.22]? Magnitude difference in LP600 band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DLP600[0.02/0.66]? Uncertainty in DLP600magstat.errorfloatnullableD562nm[0/4.24]? Magnitude difference in 562nm band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_D562nm[0.15/0.39]? Uncertainty in D562nmmagstat.errorfloatnullableD692nm[0.12/6.7]? Magnitude difference in 692nm band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_D692nm[0.15/0.28]? Uncertainty in D692nmmagstat.errorfloatnullableD880nm[0.01/5.8]? Magnitude difference in 880nm band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_D880nm[0.15/0.84]? Uncertainty in D880nmmagstat.errorfloatnullableDJmag[-2.51/9.29]? Magnitude difference in J-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DJmag[0.01/0.97]? Uncertainty in DJmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDHmag[-2.1/7.39]? Magnitude difference in H-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DHmag[0.024/0.18]? Uncertainty in DHmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableDKmag[-1.61/10.54]? Magnitude difference in K-band (4)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DKmag[0.01/0.63]? Uncertainty in DKmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable