J/AJ/153/142ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/142doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51530142CDSPetigura E.A.Sinukoff E.Lopez E.D.Crossfield I.J.M.Howard A.W.,Brewer J.M.Fulton B.J.Isaacson H.T.Ciardi D.R.Howell S.B.,Everett M.E.Horch E.P.Hirsch L.A.Weiss L.M.Schlieder J.E.2017-09-04T08:15:56Z2017-07-31T15:55:36ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsolar-system-planetsmultiple-starsradial-velocityWe present results from a Keck/HIRES radial velocity campaign to study four sub-Saturn-sized planets, K2-27b, K2-32b, K2-39b, and K2-108b, with the goal of understanding their masses, orbits, and heavy-element enrichment. The planets have similar sizes (R_P_=4.5-5.5R_{Earth}_), but have dissimilar masses (M_P_=16-60M_{Earth}_), implying a diversity in their core and envelope masses. K2-32b is the least massive (M_P_=16.5+/-2.7M_{Earth}_) and orbits in close proximity to two sub-Neptunes near a 3:2:1 period commensurability. K2-27b and K2-39b are significantly more massive at M_P_=30.9+/-4.6M_{Earth}_ and M_P_=39.8+/-4.4M_{Earth}_, respectively, and show no signs of additional planets. K2-108b is the most massive at M_P_=59.4+/-4.4M_{Earth}_, implying a large reservoir of heavy elements of about {simeq}50M__. Sub-Saturns as a population have a large diversity in planet mass at a given size. They exhibit remarkably little correlation between mass and size; sub-Saturns range from {simeq}6-60M_{Earth}_, regardless of size. We find a strong correlation between planet mass and host star metallicity, suggesting that metal-rich disks form more massive planet cores. The most massive sub-Saturns tend to lack detected companions and have moderately eccentric orbits, perhaps as a result of a previous epoch of dynamical instability. Finally, we observe only a weak correlation between the planet envelope fraction and present-day equilibrium temperature, suggesting that photo-evaporation does not play a dominant role in determining the amount of gas sub-Saturns accrete from their protoplanetary disks.2017AJ....153..142Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/153/142CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/226/7 : Planet candidates using K2's 1st yr (Crossfield+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/142https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/142GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/153/142/stars (Stars observed)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/142/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/142/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/142/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true171.51515831.23073610.0055555555555555566/18539 26990 29349https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/153/142?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/153/142/starsStars observedVP1Velocity Plot of K2-27meta.ref.urlcharVP2Velocity Plot of K2-39meta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStellar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNrvNumber of radial velocity measurements (table1)meta.numberintnullablePerOrbital period (1)dtime.perioddoublee_PerError in Perdstat.errordoublePerC? Orbital period of planet c for K2-32dtime.periodfloatnullablee_PerC? Error in PerCdstat.errorfloatnullablePerD? Orbital period of planet d for K2-32dtime.periodfloatnullablee_PerD? Error in PerDdstat.errorfloatnullableVPbVelocity Plot of K2-32 (planet b)meta.ref.urlcharVPcVelocity Plot of K2-32 (planet c)meta.ref.urlcharVPdVelocity Plot of K2-32 (planet d)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/153/142/table1*Radial velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStellar identifier (K2-27, K2-32, or K2-39)meta.id;meta.maincharInstInstrument identifier (either FIES, HARPS, HARPS-N, HIRES, or PFS) (1)meta.id;instrcharBJDBarycentric Julian Date (BJD_TBD_) (2)dtime.epochdoubleRV[-38039/24595.5] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RV[1.3/35.7] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in RVm/sstat.errorfloat