J/AJ/152/8ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/152/8doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51520008CDSKraus A.L.Ireland M.J.Huber D.Mann A.W.Dupuy T.J.2017-10-13T15:41:47Z2017-03-29T09:03:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starseffective-temperaturestellar-massesstellar-distanceThe dynamical influence of binary companions is expected to profoundly influence planetary systems. However, the difficulty of identifying planets in binary systems has left the magnitude of this effect uncertain; despite numerous theoretical hurdles to their formation and survival, at least some binary systems clearly host planets. We present high-resolution imaging of 382 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) obtained using adaptive-optics imaging and nonredundant aperture-mask interferometry on the Keck II telescope. Among the full sample of 506 candidate binary companions to KOIs, we super-resolve some binary systems to projected separations of <5au, showing that planets might form in these dynamically active environments. However, the full distribution of projected separations for our planet-host sample more broadly reveals a deep paucity of binary companions at solar-system scales. For a field binary population, we should have found 58 binary companions with projected separation {rho}<50au and mass ratio q>0.4; we instead only found 23 companions (a 4.6{sigma} deficit), many of which must be wider pairs that are only close in projection. When the binary population is parametrized with a semimajor axis cutoff a_cut_ and a suppression factor inside that cutoff S_bin_, we find with correlated uncertainties that inside a_cut_=47_-23_^+59^au, the planet occurrence rate in binary systems is only S_bin_=0.34_-0.15_^+0.14^ times that of wider binaries or single stars. Our results demonstrate that a fifth of all solar-type stars in the Milky Way are disallowed from hosting planetary systems due to the influence of a binary companion.2016AJ....152....8Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/152/8CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/576/A88 : RVs of 8 KOI eclipsing binaries (Lillo-Box+, 2015)J/ApJS/218/26 : Parameters of planets orbiting coolest dwarfs (Swift+, 2015)J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJ/753/90 : Parameters of K5 and later type Kepler stars (Mann+, 2012)J/A+A/546/A10 : Multiplici. in transiting planet-host stars (Lillo-Box+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/141 : Companion IR detection limits in young assoc. (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/AJ/144/42 : Infrared photometry of 90 KOIs (Adams+, 2012)J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. Eclipsing binaries in DR2 (Slawson+, 2011)J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)J/AJ/134/2340 : Membership of Praesepe and Coma Berenices (Kraus+, 2007)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/152/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/152/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/152/8https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/152/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/152/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/152/8GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/152/8/table1 (Kepler objects of interest)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/152/8/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/152/8/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/152/8/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.8084708349.31640.0055555555555555565/3646 3690 3693 3694 3704 3706 3732 3733 3734 3736 3738 3740 3742 3743 3776 3777 3782 3785 3786 3789 3792 6/14567 14573 14578 14579 14582 14588 14590 14591 14730 14731 14733 14734 14735 14744 14746 14750 14751 14752 14753 14754 14756 14757 14759 14764 14765 14766 14768 14770 14771 14781 14782 14783 14792 14794 14828 14830 14915 14918 14919 14920 14921 14923 14924 14925 14948 14950 14951 14957 14958 14959 14964 14966 15041 15044 15057 15060 15061 15112 15114 15115 15116 15118 15119 15120 15121 15123 15124 15126 15127 15132 15134 15139 15148 15149 15151 15153 15154 15155 15160 15172 152008.650015785639275e-20 9.710690472292815e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/152/8?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/152/8/table1Kepler objects of interestONameOther namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeCandidate type (C=Candidate or confirmed planet host, FP=False Positive)meta.code.classcharKOIKepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryPropNumber of properties for this candidate binary system (table7)meta.numberintnullableI/PSFNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging or PSF-fitting (table 5 or 6)meta.numberintnullableImlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging detection limits (table4)meta.numberintnullableNRMlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 NRM detection limits (table2)meta.numberintnullableNRMcIndicates a Keck/NIRC2 NRM candidate companion (table3)meta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainKpmag[7.84/17.48] Kepler magnitude (m_Kp_)magphot.mag;em.optfloatKsmag[6.49/13.56] 2MASS Ks band magnitude (m_Ks_)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatTeff[3068/9071] Effective temperature (T_eff_)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[58/317] Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintMass1[0.125/1.849] Primary mass (M_prim_)solMassphys.massfloatE_Mass1[0.021/0.403] Upper uncertainty in Mass1solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass1[0.01/0.485] Lower uncertainty in Mass1solMassstat.errorfloatUDist[33.9/2761.6] Uncorrected distance (1)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatE_UDist[1.1/993.9] Upper uncertainty in UDistpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_UDist[1.1/378.7] Lower uncertainty in UDistpcstat.errorfloatCDist[33.9/2764.3] Corrected distance (1)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatKepler? Kepler number when available (for the hosts of confirmed planets)meta.idintnullableRefReference by which the false positives have been rejected (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharV/133Display the data from the Kepler Input Catalog (cat. V/133) within 1.5''meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/152/8/table2Keck/NIRC2 Non-Redundant aperture Masking (NRM) detection limitsKOIKepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPropNumber of properties for this candidate binary system (table7)meta.numberintnullableI/PSFNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging or PSF-fitting (table 5 or 6)meta.numberintnullableImlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging detection limits (table4)meta.numberintnullablePIndicates stellar parameters (table1)meta.numberintnullableNRMcIndicates a Keck/NIRC2 NRM candidate companion (table3)meta.ref.urlcharMJDModified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochdoubleDateUT date of the observationtime.epoch;obsnullableNf[3/18] Number of frames obtained (N_frames_)meta.numberintL15[0/4.12] Magnitude limit at 15mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL20[0.01/4.85] Magnitude limit at 20mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL30[0.33/5.78] Magnitude limit at 30mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL40-160[0.55/6] Magnitude limit between 40-160mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatJ/AJ/152/8/table3Keck/NIRC2 Non-Redundant aperture Masking (NRM) candidate companionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeCandidate type (C=Candidate, FP=False Positive, or DD=Duplicate Detection)meta.code.classcharKOIKepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainintm_KOIKOI multiplicity (1)meta.code.multipcharPropNumber of properties for this candidate binary system (table7)meta.numberintnullableI/PSFNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging or PSF-fitting (table 5 or 6)meta.numberintnullableImlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging detection limits (table4)meta.numberintnullableNRMlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 NRM detection limits (table2)meta.numberintnullableMJDModified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochdoubledKmag[0.001/5.39] Magnitude difference in K' band ({Delta}K')magphot.mag;arith.difffloate_dKmag[0.006/0.456] Error in dKmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatSep[16.089/208.52] Separation {rho}maspos.angDistancefloate_Sep[0.08/7.1] Error in Sepmasstat.errorfloatPA[3.229/348.651] Position angledegpos.posAngfloate_PA[0.087/4.71] Error in PAdegstat.errorfloatJ/AJ/152/8/table4Keck/NIRC2 imaging detection limitsFiltFilter used (K_c_ or K_p_)instr.setup;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeCandidate type (C=Candidate, FP=False Positive)meta.code.classcharKOIKepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainintPropNumber of properties for this candidate binary system (table7)meta.numberintnullableI/PSFNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging or PSF-fitting (table 5 or 6)meta.numberintnullableNRMlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 NRM detection limits (table2)meta.numberintnullableNRMcIndicates a Keck/NIRC2 NRM candidate companion (table3)meta.ref.urlcharMJDModified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochdoubleInstInstrument (coronagraph) used (C06)instr.setupcharNf[1/17] Number of frames obtained (N_fram_)meta.numberintTint[10/340] Integration time (t_int_)stime.epochfloatL150[2.9/6.9]? Magnitude limit at 150mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatnullableL200[3.6/7.6]? Magnitude limit at 200mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatnullableL250[3.8/7.7]? Magnitude limit at 250mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatnullableL300[4/8]? Magnitude limit at 300mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatnullableL400[4.6/8.8] Magnitude limit at 400mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL500[4.6/9] Magnitude limit at 500mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL700[3.7/10] Magnitude limit at 700mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL1000[4.6/10.7] Magnitude limit at 1000mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL1500[5/12.1] Magnitude limit at 1500mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatL2000[4.9/12.7] Magnitude limit at 2000mas projected separationmagphot.magfloatJ/AJ/152/8/companionsKeck/NIRC2 imaging (table5), and Keck/NIRC2 PSF-fitting (table6) candidate companionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGrKeck/NIRC2 group: imaging (Img), or Keck/NIRC2 PSF-fitting (PSF)meta.idcharTypeCandidate type (C=Candidate, FP=False Positive, or DD=Duplicate Detection) (1)meta.code.classcharKOIKepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainintm_KOIKOI multiplicitymeta.code.multipcharPropNumber of properties for this candidate binary system (table7)meta.numberintnullableImlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging detection limits (table4)meta.numberintnullableNRMlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 NRM detection limits (table2)meta.numberintnullableNRMcIndicates a Keck/NIRC2 NRM candidate companion (table3)meta.ref.urlcharMJDModified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochdoubleFlt[Kp] Filter used (Kp)instr.setup;instr.filtercharInstInstrument (coronagraph) used (C06)instr.setupcharNf[1/17] Number of frames obtained (N_frames_)meta.numberintSep[53.57/7949.4] Projected separation {rho}maspos.angDistancefloate_Sep[0.08/7.6] Uncertainty in Sepmasstat.errorfloatPA[0.372/359.425] Position angledegpos.posAngfloate_PA[0.005/1.616] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatdmag[-0.058/13.512] Magnitude difference between companions ({Delta}m)magphot.mag;arith.difffloate_dmag[0.001/0.173] Uncertainty in dmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatRefReference(s) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/AJ/152/8/table7System properties for candidate binary systemsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGrGroup type (M=Masking, B=PSF fitting binary, T=PSF fitting triple, or I=Imaging)meta.idcharKOIKepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainintI/PSFNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging or PSF-fitting (table 5 or 6)meta.numberintnullableImlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 imaging detection limits (table4)meta.numberintnullableNRMlNumber of Keck/NIRC2 NRM detection limits (table2)meta.numberintnullableNRMcIndicates a Keck/NIRC2 NRM candidate companion (table3)meta.ref.urlcharl_Mass2[<] Upper limit flag on Mass2meta.code.errorcharMass2[0.099/1.597] Secondary mass (M_sec_)solMassphys.massfloatl_M2/M1[<] Upper limit flag on M2/M1meta.code.errorcharM2/M1[0.068/1.021] Ratio of secondary to primary masses (q)phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatSep[4.7/12439.1] SeparationAUpos.angDistancefloat