J/AJ/151/85ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/85doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51510085CDSTroup N.W.Nidever D.L.De Lee N.Carlberg J.Majewski S.R.,Fernandez M.Covey K.Chojnowski S.D.Pepper J.Nguyen D.T.,Stassun K.Nguyen D.C.Wisniewski J.P.Fleming S.W.Bizyaev D.,Frinchaboy P.M.Garcia-Hernandez D.A.Ge J.Hearty F.Meszaros S.,Pan K.Allende Prieto C.Schneider D.P.Shetrone M.D.Skrutskie M.F.,Wilson J.Zamora O.2018-09-10T06:27:19Z2018-04-24T09:49:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxymultiple-starsinfrared-photometryproper-motionseffective-temperaturestellar-massesmetallicitystellar-distanceradial-velocityIn its three years of operation, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-1) observed >14000 stars with enough epochs over a sufficient temporal baseline for the fitting of Keplerian orbits. We present the custom orbit-fitting pipeline used to create this catalog, which includes novel quality metrics that account for the phase and velocity coverage of a fitted Keplerian orbit. With a typical radial velocity precision of ~100-200 m/s, APOGEE can probe systems with small separation companions down to a few Jupiter masses. Here we present initial results from a catalog of 382 of the most compelling stellar and substellar companion candidates detected by APOGEE, which orbit a variety of host stars in diverse Galactic environments. Of these, 376 have no previously known small separation companion. The distribution of companion candidates in this catalog shows evidence for an extremely truncated brown dwarf (BD) desert with a paucity of BD companions only for systems with a<0.1-0.2 AU, with no indication of a desert at larger orbital separation. We propose a few potential explanations of this result, some which invoke this catalog's many small separation companion candidates found orbiting evolved stars. Furthermore, 16 BD and planet candidates have been identified around metal-poor ([Fe/H]<-0.5) stars in this catalog, which may challenge the core accretion model for companions >10 M_Jup_. Finally, we find all types of companions are ubiquitous throughout the Galactic disk with candidate planetary-mass and BD companions to distances of ~6 and ~16 kpc, respectively.2016AJ....151...85Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/151/85CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)J/ApJ/497/736 : The young cluster IC 348. (Herbig, 1998)J/other/A+ARV/18.67 : Accurate masses and radii of normal stars (Torres+, 2010)J/ApJS/215/19 : APOKASC catalog of Kepler red giantsJ/MNRAS/460/3179 : APOGEE stars distance and extinction (Wang+, 2016)https://filtergraph.com/apOrbitPub : Filtergraph portal homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/85https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/85GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/151/85/table4 (APOGEE DR12 Catalog of Companion Candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/85/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/85/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/85/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.7770080666.159721110.0055555555555555565/2416 3101 3854 6965 6993 6/1387 1411 1416 1417 1422 1472 1473 1539 1545 1725 1760 1761 1763 1765 1766 1767 1776 1782 1788 1789 1957 1965 1967 1968 1973 1976 1980 1982 3040 3043 3058 3060 3063 3750 3751 3754 3775 3947 3949 3950 3951 4033 4036 4071 4073 4074 4075 4076 4077 4078 4247 4254 4255 4277 4290 4296 4298 4320 4783 5035 6145 6400 6403 6408 6409 8842 8843 8846 8864 8865 8866 8870 9430 9435 9579 9608 9623 9629 9999 10003 10008 10271 10312 10315 10318 10320 10337 12383 12413 12576 12578 12863 12906 12949 12951 12958 12959 12981 12982 12987 12990 12994 13026 13930 13974 14003 14006 14009 14012 14013 14017 14018 14352 14353 14355 14356 14358 14361 14364 14373 14375 14384 14386 14387 14469 14471 14477 14763 14933 15104 15105 15379 15382 15383 15390 15407 15410 15411 15504 22159 22173 22174 22177 22180 22181 22183 22209 22215 22225 22227 22228 22231 22237 22246 22249 22251 22252 22253 22255 22313 22316 22318 22405 22406 23762 23768 23866 23943 23954 24269 24427 24441 24442 24453 24456 24458 24459 24464 24465 24466 24469 24473 24513 24514 24515 26114 26115 26120 26123 26254 26264 26266 26267 26276 26277 26279 26606 26962 26963 26966 26971 26973 26974 26975 27775 27971 27977 27981 27986 28032 28067 28072 28139 28480 28481 28483 28489 29877 29878 29879 29922 29928 30230 30236 30237 30258 30260 30261 30262 30265 30268 30269 30274 30361 30768 30769 31398 31399 31416 314188.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/151/85?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/151/85/table4APOGEE DR12 Catalog of Companion Candidatese_RadUncertainty in Rad (RSTAR_ERR)AUstat.errordoublee_eUncertainty in e (ECC_ERR)stat.errordoubleTperiEpoch of periastron (TPERI)dtime.epochdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTMASS-STYLE object name (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs) (APOGEE_ID)meta.id;meta.maincharFld-Loc[4102/4586] APOGEE field location number (LOCATION_ID)meta.id;obs.fieldintFld-NameAPOGEE field name (FIELD)obs.fieldcharNRV[9/34] Number of radial velocity measurements used in the fit (NVISITS)meta.numberintSNRMedian signal-to-noise ratio per pixel in combined frame (at apStar sampling) (SNR)pos.frame;stat.mediandoubleJmag[8.646/15.631] 2MASS J-band magnitude (J)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.018/0.079] Uncertainty in Jmag (J_ERR)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag[8.101/14.112] 2MASS H-band magnitude (H)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.016/0.055] Uncertainty in Hmag (H_ERR)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmag[7.959/13.977] 2MASS K_s_-band magnitude (K)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.013/0.061] Uncertainty in Ksmag (K_ERR)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatAKK-band extinction adopted (AK)magphys.absorptiondoubleAKMethMethod used to get targeting extinction (AK_SRC)meta.notecharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitude (GLON)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (GLAT)degpos.galactic.latdoublepmRA[-82/288] Proper motion along RA (PMRA)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-70/124] Proper motion along DE (PMDEC)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatpmCatCatalog used for proper motion (PM_SRC)instr.setup;meta.tablecharBitmask[0/1] Bitmask that identifies main survey target and other classe (EXTRATARG) (1)meta.codeintBitwise1[-2147483584/0] Bitwise OR of first APOGEE target flag of all visits (APOGEE_TARGET1) (1)meta.codelongBitwise2[-2147482624/0] Bitwise OR of second APOGEE target flag of all visits (APOGEE_TARGET2) (1)meta.codelongTargFlagTarget flag in English (TARGFLAGS)meta.codecharStFlag[0/136708] Flag for star condition taken from bitwise OR of individual visits (STARFLAG) (1)meta.codeintStFlagsStar flag in English (STARFLAGS)meta.codecharASPCAP[0/2176] Flag for ASPCAP analysis (ASPCAPFLAG) (1)meta.codeintASPCAPSASPCAP flag in English (ASPCAPFLAGS)meta.codecharTeff[3541.8/6532.8] Adopted effective temperature for the primary star (TEFF)Kphys.temperature.effectivedoublee_Teff[91.4667/91.5] Uncertainty in Teff (TEFF_ERR)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatlogg[1.12311/5.20282] Adopted surface gravity for the primary star (in cgs units) (LOGG)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoublee_logg[0.10689/0.11] Uncertainty in logg (LOGG_ERR)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errordouble[Fe/H][-1.8122/0.43027] Adopted metallicity [Fe/H] for the primary star (FE_H)phys.abund.Zdoublee_[Fe/H][0.030466/0.056803] Uncertainty in [Fe/H] (FE_H_ERR)stat.error;phys.abund.FedoubleSource[1/2] Source of the stellar parameters adopted (SPARAMTYPE) (2)meta.codeintClassClassification applied to host star (STARTYPE) (3)meta.code.classcharM*[0.382997/8.28768] Mass of the primary based on the available stellar parameters (MSTAR)solMassphys.massdoublee_M*[0.024512/35.632717] Uncertainty in M* (MSTAR_ERR)solMassstat.errordoubleRadRadius of the primary based on the available stellar parameters (RSTAR)AUphys.size.radiusdoubleDistAdopted distance of the primary star (DIST)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricdoublee_DistUncertainty in Dist (DIST_ERR)pcstat.errordoubleMeth[0/5] Method of mass/radius/distance estimation (MSTAR_SRC) (4)meta.codeintJitter[1.37364/415.15521] Estimated intrinsic radial velocity jitter of the star (VJITTER)m/sstat.errordoubleBmax[22.8964/1116.9731] Maximum baseline of radial velocity data included in fit (BASELINE)dtime.intervaldoublesigmanu[35.95357/2024.13] Median of radial velocity errors {sigma}_{nu}_ (SIGMA_V)m/sstat.errordoubleSigni[2.50459/505.59149] Significance of the radial velocity variations (see Section 3.1.2) (SIG_RVVAR)stat.fit.goodness;spect.dopplerVelocdoublePerBest-fit orbital period of the system (PERIOD)dtime.period;meta.modelleddoublee_PerUncertainty in Per (PERIOD_ERR)dstat.errordoubleKBest-fit radial velocity semiamplitude of the system (SEMIAMP)m/sphys.veloc;src.orbitaldoublee_K? Uncertainty in K (SEMIAMP_ERR)m/sstat.errordoublenullableeBest-fit eccentricity of the system (ECC)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleomega[-3.13937/3.13865] Argument of periastron {omega} (OMEGA)degsrc.orbital.periastrondoubleT0Epoch of transit, in Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleV0Intercept of the global trend applied to the radial velocity (V0)m/sstat.fit.paramdoubleSlope[-157.833/520.512] Slope of the global trend applied to the radial velocity (SLOPE)m.s**-1.d**-1stat.fit.paramdoubleNIter[5/49] Number of iterations used to converge on a period (see Section 3.3.2) (NITER)meta.numberintchi2[0.374/622.205] {chi}^2^ (not reduced) of the fit (CHI2)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatDOF[4/29] Degrees of freedom of the fit (DOF)stat.fit.dofintrms[14.7466/2037.35] Root-mean-square of the residual of the fit (FIT_RMS)m/sstat.errordoublePUI[0.60977/0.99191] Phase Uniformity Index (see Section 3.3.4) (PUI)stat.fit.paramdoubleVUI[0.52988/0.97134] Velocity Uniformity Index (see Section 3.3.4) (VUI)stat.fit.paramdoublefMassMass function of the system (MASSFN)solMassphys.massdoublemsiniEstimated msini of the companion (see Section 3.3.3) (MSINI)solMassphys.massdoublea[0.00589/3.59101] Estimated orbital semimajor axis of the companion (SEMIMAJ)AUphys.size.smajAxisdoubleVCVelocity Curve from filtergraph (https://filtergraph.com/apOrbitPub)meta.ref.urlcharSpSpectrum from filtergraph (https://filtergraph.com/apOrbitPub)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar