J/AJ/151/142ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/142doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51510142CDSArchambault S.Archer A.Benbow W.Bird R.Biteau J.Buchovecky M.,Buckley J.H.Bugaev V.Byrum K.Cerruti M.Chen X.Ciupik L.,Connolly M.P.Cui W.Eisch J.D.Errando M.Falcone A.Feng Q.,Finley J.P.Fleischhack H.Fortin P.Fortson L.Furniss A.,Gillanders G.H.Griffin S.Grube J.Gyuk G.Hutten M.Hakansson N.,Hanna D.Holder J.Humensky T.B.Johnson C.A.Kaaret P.Kar P.,Kelley-Hoskins N.Kertzman M.Kieda D.Krause M.Krennrich F.,Kumar S.Lang M.J.Maier G.McArthur S.McCann A.Meagher K.,Moriarty P.Mukherjee R.Nguyen T.Nieto D.O'Faolain de Bhroithe A.,Ong R.A.Otte A.N.Park N.Perkins J.S.Pichel A.Pohl M.Popkow A.,Pueschel E.Quinn J.Ragan K.Reynolds P.T.Richards G.T.Roache E.,Rovero A.C.Santander M.Sembroski G.H.Shahinyan K.Smith A.W.,Staszak D.Telezhinsky I.Tucci J.V.Tyler J.Vincent S.Wakely S.P.,Weiner O.M.Weinstein A.Williams D.A.Zitzer B.,(the the Veritas collaboration)Fumagalli M.Prochaska J.X.2018-05-16T07:06:49Z2018-04-16T11:27:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbl-lacertae-objectsquasarsgamma-ray-astronomyredshiftedephemeridesvisible-astronomyspectroscopyBetween the beginning of its full-scale scientific operations in 2007 and 2012, the VERITAS Cherenkov telescope array observed more than 130 blazars; of these, 26 were detected as very-high-energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) {gamma}-ray sources. In this work, we present the analysis results of a sample of 114 undetected objects. The observations constitute a total live-time of ~570 hr. The sample includes several unidentified Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources (located at high Galactic latitude) as well as all the sources from the second Fermi-LAT catalog (Nolan et al. 2012, J/ApJS/199/31) that are contained within the field of view of the VERITAS observations. We have also performed optical spectroscopy measurements in order to estimate the redshift of some of these blazars that do not have spectroscopic distance estimates. We present new optical spectra from the Kast instrument on the Shane telescope at the Lick observatory for 18 blazars included in this work, which allowed for the successful measurement or constraint on the redshift of four of them. For each of the blazars included in our sample, we provide the flux upper limit in the VERITAS energy band. We also study the properties of the significance distributions and we present the result of a stacked analysis of the data set, which shows a 4{sigma} excess.2016AJ....151..142Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/151/142CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/175 : Optical spectroscopy of radio sources (Stickel+, 1989-94)IX/15 : Einstein EMSS Survey (Gioia+ 1990, Stocke+ 1991)VII/158 : Revised and Updated Catalog of Quasi-stellar Objects (Hewitt+ 1993)VIII/34 : Parkes Half-Jansky Flat-Spectrum Sample (Drinkwater + 1997)IX/32 : ROSAT Bright Survey (Fischer+, 1998-2000)J/MNRAS/277/1477 : A catalogue of BL Lacertae objects (Padovani+ 1995)J/A+A/323/739 : ROSAT detected quasars. II. (Brinkmann+ 1997)J/ApJ/525/127 : RGB sample of BL Lacertae objectsJ/ApJS/126/133 : The FIRST bright quasar survey. II. (White+, 2000)J/ApJS/129/435 : NORAS galaxy cluster survey. I. (Bohringer+, 2000)J/ApJS/129/547 : RBSC-NVSS sample. I. (Bauer+, 2000)J/ApJS/150/181 : Redshifts of 110 radio-loud AGNs (Eracleous+, 2004)J/A+A/434/385 : X-ray/radio data of high energy peaked BL LacsJ/ApJ/626/95 : Gamma-ray blazar candidates (Sowards-Emmerd+, 2005)J/A+A/445/441 : SED of BL Lacertae objects (Nieppola+, 2006)J/A+A/470/787 : High energy peaked BL Lacs optical spectros.J/A+A/472/699 : ROXA: multi-frequency large sample of blazarsJ/ApJ/667/673 : FIRST-2MASS red quasar survey (Glikman+, 2007)J/ApJS/175/97 : CGRaBS: survey of {gamma}-ray blazar candidatesJ/AJ/139/390 : Optically selected BL Lac objects from SDSS-DR7J/ApJ/709/1407 : SED of the Fermi blazars (Li+, 2010)J/ApJ/716/30 : SED of Fermi bright blazars (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJS/188/405 : Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJ/742/27 : 15GHz and jet properties of MOJAVE blazars (Lister+, 2011)J/MNRAS/416/2840 : The 2M++ galaxy redshift catalogue (Lavaux+, 2011)J/A+A/538/A26 : BL Lac objects beyond z=1.3 (Rau+, 2012)J/A+A/541/A160 : Planck + X/{gamma} observations of blazars (Giommi+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/49 : Optical spectroscopy of 1LAC broad-line blazarsJ/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)J/ApJ/764/135 : Spectroscopic redshifts of BL Lac objects (Shaw+, 2013)J/A+A/570/A126 : XShooter spectrum of 4 BL Lacs (Landoni+, 2014)J/ApJ/780/73 : Redshifts of BL Lac objects from Fermi (Ajello+, 2014)J/ApJ/833/117 : VERITAS gamma-ray TeV LCs of 6 blazars (Turley+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/142https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/142GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/151/142/table2 (List of Known VHE Sources Observed but Not Detected by VERITAS in 2007-2012)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.96916759.8347220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/151/142/table3 (List of 2FGL Sources in the VERITAS Field of View of Sources Listed in Tables 1 and 2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true12.01041722.5813890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/151/142/table4 (Analysis Results and Flux Upper Limits for the Non-detected AGNs Observed by VERITAS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true4.615820829.79209440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/151/142/table5 (Results and Upper Limits for the Known VHE Sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.96897559.83449720.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/151/142/table6 (Results and Upper Limits for the 2FGL Sources in the VERITAS Field of View)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true12.010416722.59005560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/151/142/table1 (List of Sources Observed by VERITAS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/142/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true4.61583329.7922220.0055555555555555566/29 250 428 438 447 514 579 716 717 790 851 893 1466 1622 1915 1965 2028 2140 2143 2273 2549 2650 2708 2836 3023 3234 4255 4695 4770 4866 4964 4992 5483 5522 5597 5723 5844 5918 6021 6067 6436 6764 6848 7233 7235 7518 8321 8595 8762 8945 8972 9049 9470 10389 10390 10572 10656 10843 11089 11209 11212 11352 11449 11631 11676 11777 11778 13586 13640 13664 13673 13705 14745 14751 15059 15062 15211 15916 15917 17775 17819 17842 17843 18457 19756 19907 19910 20099 20141 20325 20456 21972 23513 23516 24112 26131 26360 26363 26483 27060 27061 27063 28083 28115 28117 28352 28388 28498 31190 31894 31915 31930 32261 32311 44908https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/151/142?format=asciiGamma-rayOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/151/142/table2List of Known VHE Sources Observed but Not Detected by VERITAS in 2007-2012recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSimbad source namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Simbad Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Simbad Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_z[>] Limit flag on zmeta.code.error;src.redshiftcharz[0.028/1.28]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableu_z[:] Uncertainty flag on zmeta.code.error;src.redshiftcharr_z[1/53]? Reference for z (G1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableTypeBlazar classification (G2)src.classcharExp[0.3/36]? VERITAS dead-time corrected exposure (1)htime.duration;obs.exposurefloatnullabletheta[3/49]? Average zenith angle of VERITAS observation {theta}_zenith_degpos.posAng;obsintnullableMJDModified Julian Date(s) of VERITAS observation and on which basis the source was selected as a very-high-energy (VHE) candidate (JD-2450000)time.epochcharRefSource selection reference(s) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharDetecVHE detection reference(s) (only in table 2) (3)meta.bibcharJ/AJ/151/142/table3List of 2FGL Sources in the VERITAS Field of View of Sources Listed in Tables 1 and 2CNameCounterpart namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name (2FGL JHHMM.m+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_z[>] Limit flag on zmeta.code.error;src.redshiftcharz[0.37/2.06]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablen_z[u] Note on z (u=Unconstrained redshift)meta.notecharr_z[6/53]? Reference for z (G1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableTypeBlazar classification (G2)src.classcharn_Type[?] Note on Type (?=Blazar of unknown type)meta.notecharr_Type[29/48]? Reference for Type (G3)meta.noteintnullableFOVSource name (from table 1 and 2) in the field of view of this 2FGL sourcemeta.idchar2FGLDisplay data from the 2nd Fermi-LAT catalog (Nolan+, 2012, J/ApJS/199/31)meta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/151/142/table4Analysis Results and Flux Upper Limits for the Non-detected AGNs Observed by VERITASSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharsigma[-1.98/3.49] Source significance (in {sigma} units)stat.fit.goodnessfloatCntON[32/7515] Number of ON (source) countsphot.count;em.gamma.hardintCntOFF[190/64132] Number of OFF (background) countsphot.count;em.gamma.hardintalpha[0.037/0.267] Ratio of the ON over OFF region size {alpha}phys.size;arith.ratiofloatEth[0.138/0.501] Threshold energy of the analysis E_th_TeVinstr.sensitivityfloatEdec[0.226/0.829] Decorrelation energy E_dec_ (1)TeVstat.correlationfloatUL-Edec[1.6/102] Differential flux upper limit at E_dec_1e-12cm**-2.s**-1.TeV**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatUL-Eth[0.9/17.4] Integral flux upper limit (above E_th_) (2)Crabphot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatUL/Phi1? Ratio between the VERITAS differential upper limit and the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT detection ({Phi}_HE_, evaluated at E_dec_)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableUL/Phi2? Ratio between the VERITAS differential upper limit and the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT detection ({Phi}_HE_, evaluated at E_dec_)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablez1[0.086/1.05]? Redshift associated to UL/Phi1src.redshiftfloatnullablez2[0.5]? Redshift associated to UL/Phi2src.redshiftfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/151/142/table5Results and Upper Limits for the Known VHE SourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharsigma[-1.98/3.49] Source significance (in {sigma} units)stat.fit.goodnessfloatCntON[32/7515] Number of ON (source) countsphot.count;em.gamma.hardintCntOFF[190/64132] Number of OFF (background) countsphot.count;em.gamma.hardintalpha[0.037/0.267] Ratio of the ON over OFF region size {alpha}phys.size;arith.ratiofloatEth[0.138/0.501] Threshold energy of the analysis E_th_TeVinstr.sensitivityfloatEdec[0.226/0.829] Decorrelation energy E_dec_ (1)TeVstat.correlationfloatUL-Edec[1.6/102] Differential flux upper limit at E_dec_1e-12cm**-2.s**-1.TeV**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatUL-Eth[0.9/17.4] Integral flux upper limit (above E_th_) (2)Crabphot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatUL/Phi1? Ratio between the VERITAS differential upper limit and the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT detection ({Phi}_HE_, evaluated at E_dec_)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableUL/Phi2? Ratio between the VERITAS differential upper limit and the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT detection ({Phi}_HE_, evaluated at E_dec_)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablez1[0.086/1.05]? Redshift associated to UL/Phi1src.redshiftfloatnullablez2[0.5]? Redshift associated to UL/Phi2src.redshiftfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/151/142/table6Results and Upper Limits for the 2FGL Sources in the VERITAS Field of ViewCntOFF[190/64132] Number of OFF (background) countsphot.count;em.gamma.hardintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharsigma[-1.98/3.49] Source significance (in {sigma} units)stat.fit.goodnessfloatCntON[32/7515] Number of ON (source) countsphot.count;em.gamma.hardintalpha[0.037/0.267] Ratio of the ON over OFF region size {alpha}phys.size;arith.ratiofloatEth[0.138/0.501] Threshold energy of the analysis E_th_TeVinstr.sensitivityfloatEdec[0.226/0.829] Decorrelation energy E_dec_ (1)TeVstat.correlationfloatUL-Edec[1.6/102] Differential flux upper limit at E_dec_1e-12cm**-2.s**-1.TeV**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatUL-Eth[0.9/17.4] Integral flux upper limit (above E_th_) (2)Crabphot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatUL/Phi1? Ratio between the VERITAS differential upper limit and the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT detection ({Phi}_HE_, evaluated at E_dec_)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableUL/Phi2? Ratio between the VERITAS differential upper limit and the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT detection ({Phi}_HE_, evaluated at E_dec_)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablez1[0.086/1.05]? Redshift associated to UL/Phi1src.redshiftfloatnullablez2[0.5]? Redshift associated to UL/Phi2src.redshiftfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/151/142/table7Blazars Observed at the Lick Observatory using the Shane 3 m Kast SpectrographNameTarget name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryz[0.23/0.267]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablel_z[>] Limit flag on zmeta.code.error;src.redshiftcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintmoreindicates blazar data in tables 1,4 or 2,5meta.ref.urlcharDateUT Observation datetime.epoch;obsnullableMJD[5421/6958] Modified Julian Date of observation (JD-2450000)dtime.epochintExpTime[900/5400] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintS/Nblue[0.4/111]? Average signal-to-noise per pixel for the blue side CCD, between 3500 and 5400{AA}stat.snrfloatnullablen_S/Nblue[n/a ] Note on S/Nblue (n/a=not analyzed)meta.notecharS/Nred[4.3/229] Average signal-to-noise per pixel for the red side CCD, between 5700 and 6800{AA}stat.snrfloatStarStandard star namemeta.idcharFig[2.1/2.6]? Figure number corresponding in the paper, if applicable (2)meta.idfloatnullableJ/AJ/151/142/table1List of Sources Observed by VERITASz[0.028/1.28]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableu_z[:] Uncertainty flag on zmeta.code.error;src.redshiftcharl_z[>] Limit flag on zmeta.code.error;src.redshiftcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSimbad source namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Simbad Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Simbad Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainn_z[u] Note on z (u=Unconstrained redshift) (only in table 1)meta.notecharr_z[1/53]? Reference for z (G1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableTypeBlazar classification (G2)src.classcharn_Type[?] Note on Type (?=Blazar of unknown type) (only in table 1)meta.notecharr_TypeReference for Type (only in table 1) (G3)meta.notecharExp[0.3/36]? VERITAS dead-time corrected exposure (1)htime.duration;obs.exposurefloatnullabletheta[3/49]? Average zenith angle of VERITAS observation {theta}_zenith_degpos.posAng;obsintnullableMJDModified Julian Date(s) of VERITAS observation and on which basis the source was selected as a very-high-energy (VHE) candidate (JD-2450000)time.epochcharRefSource selection reference(s) (2)meta.ref;pos.framechar