J/AJ/150/13ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/150/13doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51500013CDSEvans N.R.Berdnikov L.Lauer J.Morgan D.Nichols J.Gunther H.M.,Gorynya N.Rastorguev A.Moskalik P.2017-10-18T08:24:28Z2015-07-29T13:18:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsradial-velocityWe have examined high accuracy radial velocities of Cepheids to determine the binary frequency. The data are largely from the CORAVEL spectrophotometer and the Moscow version, with a typical uncertainty of {<=}1km/s, and a time span from 1 to 20years. A systemic velocity was obtained by removing the pulsation component using a high order Fourier series. From this data we have developed a list of stars showing no orbital velocity larger than +/-1km/s. The binary fraction was analyzed as a function of magnitude, and yields an apparent decrease in this fraction for fainter stars. We interpret this as incompleteness at fainter magnitudes, and derive the preferred binary fraction of 29%+/-8% (20%+/-6% per decade of orbital period) from the brightest 40 stars. A comparison of this fraction in this period range (1-20years) implies a large fraction for the full period range. This is reasonable in that the high accuracy velocities are sensitive to the longer periods and smaller orbital velocity amplitudes in the period range sampled here. Thus the Cepheid velocity sample provides a sensitive detection in the period range between short period spectroscopic binaries and resolved companions. The recent identification of {delta} Cep as a binary with very low amplitude and high eccentricity underscores the fact that the binary fractions we derive are lower limits, to which other low amplitude systems will probably be added. The mass ratio (q) distribution derived from ultraviolet observations of the secondary is consistent with a flat distribution for the applicable period range (1-20years).2015AJ....150...13Ehttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/150/13CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/229 : Radial Velocities of Cepheids (Gorynya+ 1992-98)J/A+A/566/L10 : Cepheid radial velocity amplitude modulations (Anderson, 2014)J/ApJS/156/227 : Radial velocities of 16 Galactic Cepheids (Barnes+, 2005)J/A+A/415/531 : Radial velocities of 10 Galactic Cepheids (Storm+, 2004)J/A+AS/143/211 : Galactic Cepheids BVRI photometry (Berdnikov+, 2000)J/A+AS/140/79 : Radii of 22 galactic Cepheids (Imbert, 1999)J/A+AS/108/25 : Cepheids fundamental parameters II. (Bersier+, 1994)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/13https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/13GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/150/13/table6 (Multiplicity status)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true37.954560689.26410890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/150/13/table2 (Data sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true298.11819891.00565830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/150/13/table8 (Mass ratios)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/13/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true296.203059729.264690.0055555555555555566/1239 1426 1985 3045 3047 3239 3342 3361 3641 3849 4095 12934 12971 13166 13201 13288 13931 13933 13961 14238 14239 14260 14262 14404 14409 14436 14601 14625 15425 15632 15633 15660 21648 22116 23619 23622 23660 23778 23852 23922 23936 24146 24226 24411 28779 28991 29032 29081 29095 29110 29126 29665 29772 29875 29897 30128 30211 30321 30322 30333 30504 30641 32074 37340 37713 38024 39933 41608 41722 41737 42297https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/150/13?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/150/13/table3Annual correctionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefCode of reference source (G1)meta.codecharYear[1977/1998] Year of the observationyrtime.epochint<RV>[-3.27/5.33] Mean radial velocity (1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;stat.meanfloatf_<RV>[*] Indicates correction added in Table4 (2)meta.codechare_<RV>[0.01/5.05]? The 1{sigma} error in <RV>km/sstat.errorfloatnullableo_<RV>[1/91] Number of observation in <RV>meta.numberintJ/AJ/150/13/table4Cepheid annual mean velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCepheid identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRefCode of reference source (G1)meta.codecharYear[1977/1998] Year of the observationyrtime.epochint<RV>[-3.27/5.33] Annual mean radial velocity (from the data and the Fourier curves) (1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;stat.meanfloate_<RV>[0.01/5.05]? The 1{sigma} error in <RV>km/sstat.errorfloatnullableo_<RV>[1/91] Number of observation in <RV>meta.numberintJ/AJ/150/13/table6Multiplicity statusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCepheid identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchar<Vmag>[1.982/9.053] Mean V-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatPer[1.949/68.464] Pulsation perioddtime.periodfloatMultMultiplicity status (x=single or bin=binary)meta.code.multipcharRVSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharl_Porb[>=] Lower limit flag on Porbmeta.code.errorcharPorb[1/90]? Orbital period (from Table 8)yrtime.periodfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/150/13/table2Data sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCepheid identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRVSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRef1'gg' means data from Gorynya et al. 1992-98 (cat. III/229)meta.bibcharRef2'b9' means data from Bersier et al. 1994 (cat. J/A+AS/108/25)meta.bibcharRef3'im' means data from Imbert 1999 (cat. J/A+AS/140/79)meta.bibcharRef4'ba' means data from Barnes et al. 2005 (cat. J/ApJS/156/227)meta.bibcharRef5'kk' means data from Kiss and Vinko (2000MNRAS.314..420K)meta.bibcharRef6'b0' means data from Bersier (2002ApJS..140..465B)meta.bibcharRef7's4' means data from Storm et al. 2004 (cat. J/A+A/415/531)meta.bibcharPer[2.74/68.46] Period (1)dtime.periodfloat<Vmag>[3.9/9.05] Mean V-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatMode[o?] The flag 'o' indicates a star pulsating in an overtone mode (2)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/150/13/table8Mass ratiosNameName of the binary (1)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintl_M2+[<] Upper limit flag on M2meta.code.errorcharM2+[1.26/5.3]? Mass of the companion (or upper value in case of mass range)solMassphys.massfloatnullableM2-[1.4/2.2]? Lower value for companion mass rangesolMassphys.massfloatnullabler_M2-[1/4]? Reference for the mass of companion (4)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableM1[4.7/7.7]? Mass of the primary (Cepheid) (2)solMassphys.massfloatnullablel_M2/M1[<] Upper limit flag on M2/M1meta.code.errorcharM2/M1[0.27/0.96]? Companion to Cepheid mass ratio (3)phys.massfloatnullablePer[3.768/18.166] Pulsation perioddtime.periodfloatPorb[1/40] Orbital periodyrtime.periodfloatT6Simbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main