J/AJ/149/153ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/149/153doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51490153CDSMeszaros S.Martell S.L.Shetrone M.Lucatello S.Troup N.W.Bovy J.,Cunha K.Garcia-Hernandez D.A.Overbeek J.C.Allende Prieto C.,Beers T.C.Frinchaboy P.M.Garcia Perez A.E.Hearty F.R.Holtzman J.,Majewski S.R.Nidever D.L.Schiavon R.P.Schneider D.P.Sobeck J.S.,Smith V.V.Zamora O.Zasowski G.2018-05-29T07:00:25Z2015-06-09T13:14:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersgiant-starschemical-abundancesWe investigate the light-element behavior of red giant stars in northern globular clusters (GCs) observed by the SDSS-III Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment. We derive abundances of 9 elements (Fe, C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Ti) for 428 red giant stars in 10 GCs. The intrinsic abundance range relative to measurement errors is examined, and the well-known C-N and Mg-Al anticorrelations are explored using an extreme-deconvolution code for the first time in a consistent way. We find that Mg and Al drive the population membership in most clusters, except in M107 and M71, the two most metal-rich clusters in our study, where the grouping is most sensitive to N. We also find a diversity in the abundance distributions, with some clusters exhibiting clear abundance bimodalities (for example M3 and M53) while others show extended distributions. The spread of Al abundances increases significantly as cluster average metallicity decreases as previously found by other works, which we take as evidence that low metallicity, intermediate mass AGB polluters were more common in the more metal-poor clusters. The statistically significant correlation of [Al/Fe] with [Si/Fe] in M15 suggests that ^28^Si leakage has occurred in this cluster. We also present C, N, and O abundances for stars cooler than 4500K and examine the behavior of A(C+N+O) in each cluster as a function of temperature and [Al/Fe]. The scatter of A(C+N+O) is close to its estimated uncertainty in all clusters and independent of stellar temperature. A(C+N+O) exhibits small correlations and anticorrelations with [Al/Fe] in M3 and M13, but we cannot be certain about these relations given the size of our abundance uncertainties. Star-to-star variations of {alpha}-element (Si, Ca, Ti) abundances are comparable to our estimated errors in all clusters.2015AJ....149..153Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/149/153CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)J/AJ/149/7 : SDSS-III/APOGEE. I. Be stars (Chojnowski+, 2015)J/AJ/148/24 : Extinction maps in the bulge from APOGEE (Schultheis+, 2014)J/AJ/146/156 : APOGEE M-dwarf survey. I. (Deshpande+, 2013)J/AJ/146/133 : Stellar parameters from SDSS-III APOGEE DR10 (Meszaros+, 2013)J/ApJ/754/L38 : Abundances & radial velocities of M13 giants (Johnson+, 2012)J/AJ/141/175 : Abundances in M15 RGB/RHB stars (Sobeck+, 2011)J/AJ/141/62 : M5 chemical abundances for evolved stars (Lai+, 2011)J/AJ/140/1119 : Radial velocities of NGC 5466 members (Shetrone+, 2010)J/AJ/139/2289 : Abundances of five red giants in M5 (Koch+, 2010)J/A+A/505/139 : Abundances of red giants in 17 GCs (Carretta+, 2009)J/A+A/505/117 : Abundances of red giants in 15 GCs (Carretta+, 2009)J/ApJ/689/1031 : Heavy element abundances in giant stars (Yong+, 2008)J/A+A/464/967 : Abundances of red giants in NGC 6388 (Carretta+, 2007)J/ApJ/638/1018 : Equivalent widths for giant stars in M13 and M71 (Yong+, 2006)J/AJ/129/303 : Abundances of stars in M3 and M13 (Cohen+, 2005)J/AJ/120/1364 : Abundances in M3 and M13 (Cavallo+, 2000)http://sdss3.org/ : SDSS-III websitehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/149/153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/149/153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/149/153https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/149/153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/149/153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/149/153GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/149/153/table1 (Properties of clusters from the literature)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true322.493041712.1670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/149/153/table2 (Properties of stars analyzed)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true322.565208312.13969440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/149/153/table5 (Identifiers, stellar parameters, and elemental abundances from the literature for stars in our sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/149/153/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true322.28512512.15327780.0055555555555555566/9436 9664 9666 10321 10336 10337 12405 12943 19091 27975 27981 27986 27992 30769 31416 31417https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/149/153?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/149/153/table1Properties of clusters from the literaturerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGCNGC number of the clustermeta.idintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNst[8/122] Number of stars observed in clustermeta.numberint[Fe/H]Log Fe/H number abundance (1)log(Sun)meta.idfloate_[Fe/H]Uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatE(B-V)The (B-V) color excess (2)magphot.color.excessfloatNlitNumber of references in the literature for this cluster (table5)meta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/149/153/table2Properties of stars analyzedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASSStar 2MASS identifier (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharClusterCluster name \linkRole{cluster properties }meta.id.parentcharHVHeliocentric velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloatTeffPhotometric effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[0.3/4] Log surface gravity; from isochroneslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat[Fe/H][-2.6/-0.6] Log Fe/H abundancelog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloat[C/Fe]? Log C/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[N/Fe]? Log N/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[O/Fe]? Log O/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Mg/Fe]? Log Mg/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Al/Fe]? Log Al/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Si/Fe]? Log Si/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Ca/Fe]? Log Ca/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Ti/Fe]? Log Ti/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullableLitNumber of references in the literature (table5)meta.ref.urlintnullableM+13Display the data from Meszaros et al. 2013 (J/AJ/146/133)meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions derived from 2MASS designations (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions derived from 2MASS designations (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/149/153/table5Identifiers, stellar parameters, and elemental abundances from the literature for stars in our samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASSStar 2MASS identifier (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg? Log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullable[Fe/H]? Log Fe/H abundancelog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloatnullable[C/Fe]? Log C/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[N/Fe]? Log N/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[O/Fe]? Log O/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Mg/Fe]? Log Mg/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablel_[Al/Fe][<] Upper limit flag on [Al/Fe]meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[Al/Fe]? Log Al/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Si/Fe]? Log Si/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Ca/Fe]? Log Ca/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Ti/Fe]? Log Ti/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullableONameOther name(s)meta.idcharRefLiterature reference code; in refs.dat filepos.framecharONumber of observations in our work (table2)meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions derived from 2MASS designations (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions derived from 2MASS designations (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/149/153/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference identifierpos.frame;meta.maincharprimaryBibCodeBibliographic codemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharCatCatalog in the VizieR databasemeta.dataset;meta.tablechar