J/AJ/148/13ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/148/13doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51480013CDSRodney S.A.Riess A.G.Strolger L.-G.Dahlen T.Graur O.Casertano S.,Dickinson M.E.Ferguson H.C.Garnavich P.Hayden B.Jha S.W.,Jones D.O.Kirshner R.P.Koekemoer A.M.McCully C.Mobasher B.,Patel B.Weiner B.J.Cenko S.B.Clubb K.I.Cooper M.Filippenko A.V.,Frederiksen T.F.Hjorth J.Leibundgut B.Matheson T.Nayyeri H.,Penner K.Trump J.Silverman J.M.U V.Azalee Bostroem K.Challis P.,Rajan A.Wolff S.Faber S.M.Grogin N.A.Kocevski D.2020-08-07T07:23:39Z2015-02-10T13:36:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeredshiftedgalaxy-classification-systemsThe Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) was a multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that surveyed a total area of ~0.25deg^2^ with ~900 HST orbits spread across five fields over three years. Within these survey images we discovered 65 supernovae (SNe) of all types, out to z~2.5. We classify ~24 of these as Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) based on host galaxy redshifts and SN photometry (supplemented by grism spectroscopy of six SNe). Here we present a measurement of the volumetric SN Ia rate as a function of redshift, reaching for the first time beyond z=2 and putting new constraints on SN Ia progenitor models. Our highest redshift bin includes detections of SNe that exploded when the universe was only ~3Gyr old and near the peak of the cosmic star formation history. This gives the CANDELS high redshift sample unique leverage for evaluating the fraction of SNe Ia that explode promptly after formation (<500Myr). Combining the CANDELS rates with all available SN Ia rate measurements in the literature we find that this prompt SN Ia fraction is f_p_=0.53_stat0.10sys0.26_^+/-0.09 +/-0.10^, consistent with a delay time distribution that follows a simple t^-1^ power law for all times t>40Myr. However, mild tension is apparent between ground-based low-z surveys and space-based high-z surveys. In both CANDELS and the sister HST program CLASH (Cluster Lensing And Supernova Survey with Hubble), we find a low rate of SNe Ia at z>1. This could be a hint that prompt progenitors are in fact relatively rare, accounting for only 20% of all SN Ia explosions--though further analysis and larger samples will be needed to examine that suggestion.2014AJ....148...13Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/148/13CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/31 : HST Cluster Supernova Survey. VI. SNIa rate (Barbary+, 2012)J/MNRAS/417/916 : Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field (Graur+, 2011)J/ApJS/193/14 : DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: GOODS-N field (Cooper+, 2011)J/A+A/512/A12 : VLT/VIMOS spectroscopy in GOODS-South field (Balestra+, 2010)J/ApJ/723/47 : IfA Deep SN rates (Rodney+, 2010)J/ApJ/713/1026 : SN Ia rate at redshift <~0.3 from SDSS-II (Dilday+, 2010)J/ApJS/184/218 : The zCOSMOS 10k-bright spectroscopic sample (Lilly+, 2009)J/ApJ/696/1195 : COSMOS AGN spectroscopic survey. I. (Trump+, 2009)J/A+A/478/83 : GOODS-South Field VLT/FORS2 redshifts. III. (Vanzella+, 2008)J/ApJ/673/981 : Type Ia supernova rates with HST ACS (Kuznetsova+, 2008)J/ApJ/689/687 : GOODS-N spectroscopic survey (Barger+, 2008)J/ApJ/653/1004 : Galaxies at 1.4<~z<~3.0 in GOODS-North Field (Reddy+, 2006)J/A+A/428/1043 : Redshifts from VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (Le Fevre+, 2004)J/ApJ/613/200 : Hubble Higher z Supernova Search, HHZSS (Strolger+, 2004)J/AJ/127/3121 : TKRS catalog of GOODS-North Field (Wirth+, 2004)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/148/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/148/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/148/13https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/148/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/148/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/148/13GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/148/13/table1 (Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) supernova survey fields)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.116672.201110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/148/13/low_z (51 supernovae with z<1.5 (table9) , and their host galaxies (table10))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/low_z?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/low_z?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/low_z?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true53.07377083-27.849305560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/148/13/high_z (14 supernovae with z>1.5 (table3) , and their host galaxies (table4))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/high_z?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/high_z?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/148/13/high_z?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.061358332.192380560.0055555555555555566/11252 11425 17690 27258 35935https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/148/13?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/148/13/table1Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) supernova survey fieldsf_AreaFlag on Area (3)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldField of the CANDELS supernova survey (1)meta.id;obs.fieldcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (2)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_Tile[~] Limit flag on Tilemeta.code.error;obs.fieldcharTileWide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)-IR tiles/epochobs.fieldintAreaSearchable areaarcmin**2phys.area;instrfloatn_AreaDetailed searchable areameta.notecharMJD1Mean Modified Julian Date of supernova search epoch (4)dtime.epochintMJD2Mean Modified Julian Date of supernova search epochdtime.epochcharJ/AJ/148/13/low_z51 supernovae with z<1.5 (table9) , and their host galaxies (table10)Inst2Second instrumentmeta.id;instrcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the supernova (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpIa.z[0/1] Type Ia SN classification probability P(Ia|D_z_) from redshift prior (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatE_pIa.z[0/1] Positive uncertainty in pIa.zstat.error;stat.maxfloate_pIa.z[0/1] Negative uncertainty in pIa.zstat.errorfloatpIa.h[0/1] Type Ia SN classification probability P(Ia|D_host_) from galsnid host prior (2)stat.fit.goodnessfloatE_pIa.h[0/1] Positive uncertainty in pIa.hstat.error;stat.maxfloate_pIa.h[0/1] Negative uncertainty in pIa.hstat.errorfloatzSNPosterior redshift of the supernova (z_SN_) (3)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloate_zSNUncertainty in zSN (3)stat.errorfloatn_zSNSource of the supernova redshift (4)meta.notecharSimbad1Simbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSimbad2Simbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRAG? Host galaxy hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ranullableDEG? Host galaxy degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.decnullableASep? Angular separation (d)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablePSep? Physical separation (d) (5)kpcpos.distancefloatnullableMTypeVisual classification for host galaxy morphology: s=spheroid, d=disk, i=irregularmeta.code;src.morphcharSEDTemplate-matching classification of host galaxy SED: P=passive, A=active, SB=starburstsrc.classcharzhost? Redshift of host galaxysrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_zhost? Uncertainty in zhoststat.errorfloatnullabler_zhostReference for zhost; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharf_zhostIndicates an host galaxy photometric redshift (6)meta.codecharInst1Instrument used for unpublished spectroscopic observationmeta.id;instrcharPI1Name of PI for unpublished spectroscopic observationobs.observercharPI2Name of PI for the second instrumentobs.observercharJ/AJ/148/13/refsReferencesRefReference identifierpos.frameintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBibCodeBibliographic codemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharCatIdentification of catalog in VizieR databasemeta.id;meta.tablecharJ/AJ/148/13/high_z14 supernovae with z>1.5 (table3) , and their host galaxies (table4)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the supernova (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpIa.z[0/1] Type Ia SN classification probability P(Ia|D_z_) from redshift prior (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatE_pIa.z[0/1] Positive uncertainty in pIa.zstat.error;stat.maxfloate_pIa.z[0/1] Negative uncertainty in pIa.zstat.errorfloatpIa.h[0/1] Type Ia SN classification probability P(Ia|D_host_) from galsnid host prior (2)stat.fit.goodnessfloatE_pIa.h[0/1] Positive uncertainty in pIa.hstat.error;stat.maxfloate_pIa.h[0/1] Negative uncertainty in pIa.hstat.errorfloatzSNPosterior redshift of the supernova (z_SN_) (3)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloate_zSNUncertainty in zSN (3)stat.errorfloatn_zSNSource of the supernova redshift (4)meta.notecharSimbad1Simbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSimbad2Simbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRAG? Host galaxy hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ranullableDEG? Host galaxy degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.decnullableASep? Angular separation (d)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablePSep? Physical separation (d) (5)kpcpos.distancefloatnullableMTypeVisual classification for host galaxy morphology: s=spheroid, d=disk, i=irregularmeta.code;src.morphcharSEDTemplate-matching classification of host galaxy SED: P=passive, A=active, SB=starburstsrc.classcharzhost? Redshift of host galaxysrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_zhost? Uncertainty in zhoststat.errorfloatnullabler_zhostReference for zhost; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharf_zhostIndicates an host galaxy photometric redshift (6)meta.codecharInst1Instrument used for unpublished spectroscopic observationmeta.id;instrcharPI1Name of PI for unpublished spectroscopic observationobs.observerchar