J/AJ/147/16ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/147/16doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51470016CDSKniazev A.Y.Grebel E.K.Zucker D.B.Rix H.-W.Martinez-Delgado D.,Snedden S.A.2023-12-20T08:27:00Z2014-08-28T16:09:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryspectroscopyplanetary-nebulaeradial-velocityWe have developed a method to identify planetary nebula (PN) candidates in imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This method exploits the SDSS's five-band sampling of emission lines in PN spectra, which results in a color signature distinct from that of other sources. Selection criteria based on this signature can be applied to nearby galaxies in which PNe appear as point sources. We applied these criteria to the whole area of M31 as scanned by the SDSS, selecting 167 PN candidates that are located in the outer regions of M31. The spectra of 80 selected candidates were then observed with the 2.2m telescope at Calar Alto Observatory. These observations and cross-checks with literature data show that our method has a selection rate efficiency of about 90%, but the efficiency is different for the different groups of PN candidates. In the outer regions of M31, PNe trace different well-known morphological features like the Northern Spur, the NGC 205 Loop, the G1 Clump, etc. In general, the distribution of PNe in the outer region 8<R<20kpc along the minor axis shows the "extended disk"-a rotationally supported low surface brightness structure with an exponential scale length of 3.21+/-0.14kpc and a total mass of ~10^10^M_{sun}_, which is equivalent to the mass of M33. We report the discovery of three PN candidates with projected locations in the center of Andromeda NE, a very low surface brightness giant stellar structure in the outer halo of M31. Two of the PNe were spectroscopically confirmed as genuine PNe. These two PNe are located at projected distances along the major axis of ~48Kpc and ~41Kpc from the center of M31 and are the most distant PNe in M31 found up to now. With the new PN data at hand we see the obvious kinematic connection between the continuation of the Giant Stream and the Northern Spur. We suggest that 20%-30% of the stars in the Northern Spur area may belong to the Giant Stream. In our data we also see a possible kinematic connection between the Giant Stream and PNe in Andromeda NE, suggesting that Andromeda NE could be the core or remnant of the Giant Stream. Using PN data we estimate the total mass of the Giant Stream progenitor to be {approx}10^9^M_{sun}_. About 90% of its stars appear to have been lost during the interaction with M31.2014AJ....147...16Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/147/16CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)J/AJ/134/2474 : Ha emission-line stars in 7 dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)J/MNRAS/369/97 : M31 planetary nebula velocities (Halliday+, 2006)J/MNRAS/369/120 : Kinematic survey of planetary nebulae in M31 (Merrett+, 2006)J/ApJ/616/804 : Planetary Nebula Kinematics in M31 (Hurley-Keller+, 2004)J/ApJS/38/351 : M31 planetary nebulae (Ford+, 1978)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/16https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/16GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/147/16/table1 (SDSS positions and magnitudes of selected planetary nebulae (PN) candidates in SDSS M31 data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/16/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/16/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/16/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true4.894208335.21350.0055555555555555565/666 677 6/2607 2618-2619 2621-2623 2668 2671 2682 2704-2705 2707 2752-2753 2756 2855 204372.040811542443644e-19 6.090060298487514e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/147/16?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/147/16/table1SDSS positions and magnitudes of selected planetary nebulae (PN) candidates in SDSS M31 datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/167] Running sequence numbermeta.idintconfmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableSDSSSDSS name (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainumagSDSS u-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloate_umagUncertainty in umagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatgmagSDSS g-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmagUncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatrmagSDSS r-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmagUncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatimagSDSS i-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imagUncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatzmagSDSS z-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_zmagUncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatT[1/2] Priority: 1=first, 2=second.meta.codeintObs[0/4] Result of our spectroscopic observations (1=confirmed planetary nebula) (2)meta.codeintHostPossible association of objects from our sample with some structures of the outer region of M31 (3)meta.id.assoccharOCatCross-identifications with other catalogs of planetary nebulae in M31 (4)meta.bibcharM06Cross-match with the "kinematic survey of planetary nebulae in M31" (Merrett et al., 2006, cat. J/MNRAS/369/120) within 1.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableHK04Cross-match with Hurley-Keller et al. (2004, cat. J/ApJ/616/804) within 1.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableSDSS9Display the SDSS-DR9 photometric data (cat. V/139) within 5"meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the SDSS data for this planetary nebulaemeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/147/16/table2Heliocentric velocities and observed line fluxes of our confirmed planetary nebulae (PNe) in M31recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/70] Running sequence numbermeta.idintSDSSSDSS name (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharHRVHeliocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricinte_HRV? Uncertainty in HRVkm/sstat.errorintnullableFHb? Observed H{beta} line flux (1)1e-19W.m**-2phot.flux;em.line.HbetafloatnullableF5007Observed [OIII]{lambda}5007 line flux (1)1e-19W.m**-2phot.flux;spect.linefloatFHaObserved H{alpha} line flux (1)1e-19W.m**-2phot.flux;spect.linefloatF6584? Observed [NII]{lambda}6584 line flux (1)1e-19W.m**-2phot.flux;spect.linefloatnullableCHb? Derived extinction coefficient C(H{beta}) (2)phys.absorptionfloatnullable