J/AJ/147/119ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/147/119doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51470119CDSCoughlin J.L.Thompson S.E.Bryson S.T.Burke C.J.Caldwell D.A.,Christiansen J.L.Haas M.R.Howell S.B.Jenkins J.M.,Kolodziejczak J.J.Mullally F.R.Rowe J.F.2018-05-30T07:08:55Z2014-11-04T13:45:39ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetseclipsing-binary-starsapparent-magnitudeThe Kepler mission has to date found almost 6000 planetary transit-like signals, utilizing three years of data for over 170000 stars at extremely high photometric precision. Due to its design, contamination from eclipsing binaries, variable stars, and other transiting planets results in a significant number of these signals being false positives (FPs). This directly affects the determination of the occurrence rate of Earth-like planets in our Galaxy, as well as other planet population statistics. In order to detect as many of these FPs as possible, we perform ephemeris matching among all transiting planet, eclipsing binary, and variable star sources. We find that 685 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs)--12% of all those analyzed--are FPs as a result of contamination, due to 409 unique parent sources. Of these, 118 have not previously been identified by other methods. We estimate that ~35% of KOIs are FPs due to contamination, when performing a first-order correction for observational bias. Comparing single-planet candidate KOIs to multi-planet candidate KOIs, we find an observed FP fraction due to contamination of 16% and 2.4% respectively, bolstering the existing evidence that multi-planet KOIs are significantly less likely to be FPs. We also analyze the parameter distributions of the ephemeris matches and derive a simple model for the most common type of contamination in the Kepler field. We find that the ephemeris matching technique is able to identify low signal-to-noise FPs that are difficult to identify with other vetting techniques. We expect FP KOIs to become more frequent when analyzing more quarters of Kepler data, and note that many of them will not be able to be identified based on Kepler data alone.2014AJ....147..119Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/147/119CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/gcvs : General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)J/ApJ/728/117 : Kepler planetary candidates. I. (Borucki+, 2011)J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. 2165 eclipsing binaries (Slawson+, 2011)J/AJ/135/850 : Properties of eclipsing binaries found in TrES (Devor+, 2008)J/AcA/54/207 : Ephemerids of eclipsing binaries (Kreiner, 2004)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archivehttp://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/kic10/search.php : KIC search pagehttp://keplerebs.villanova.edu/ : Kepler Eclipsing Binary Cataloghttp://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/gcvs/ : General Catalog of Variable Starshttp://archive.stsci.edu/pub/kepler/catalogs/ : Kepler Characteristics Tablehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/119https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/119GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/147/119/table1 (Kepler Objects of Interest (KOI), Kepler Eclipsing Binaries (KEB), and Ground-based Eclipsing Binaries (GEB) properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/119/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/119/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/119/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.80847549.31639890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/147/119/table2 (The 685 False Positive (FP) KOIs, parents, and properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/119/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/119/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/119/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true290.154583150.25969310.0055555555555555564/903 905 908 915 920 922 923 926 933 934 935 944 945 946 5/3597 3598 3599 3601 3606 3607 3608 3610 3611 3617 3627 3629 3636 3637 3639 3645 3646 3647 3657 3658 3659 3672 3674 3684 3702 3708 3709 3710 3714 3729 3730 3731 3745 3748 3760 3788 3789 3792 3793 3799 3968 8157 6/13226 14367 14374 14380 14381 14383 14384 14386 14387 14402 14409 14410 14411 14413 14414 14415 14416 14420 14422 14423 14436 14437 14438 14465 14466 14467 14472 14473 14474 14476 14477 14479 14497 14498 14499 14500 14501 14503 14504 14505 14507 14512 14513 14514 14524 14526 14527 14552 14553 14555 14560 14561 14562 14564 14567 14568 14570 14571 14573 14575 14577 14578 14579 14592 14594 14595 14597 14599 14601 14602 14603 14605 14606 14607 14608 14609 14611 14614 14618 14619 14620 14622 14623 14624 14625 14627 14666 14692 14693 14694 14700 14702 14703 14710 14713 14717 14718 14719 14740 14741 14742 14744 14746 14749 14750 14751 14784 14792 14794 14795 14798 14799 14801 14802 14803 14807 14812 14814 14844 14845 14846 14848 14850 14852 14853 14855 14863 14864 14867 14868 14873 14874 14878 14880 14882 14883 14884 14885 14886 14889 14891 14892 14894 14895 14896 14899 14902 14905 14906 14907 14908 14911 14914 14915 14978 14984 14986 14987 14988 14989 14991 14996 14999 15000 15001 15005 15008 15012 15014 15015 15017 15024 15029 15037 15044 15045 15050 15053 15056 15057 15059 15060 15061 15062 15067 15068 15072 15074 15076 15084 15090 15091 15093 15096 15160 15161 15176 15178 15179 15180 15182 15184 15185 15187 15188 15189 15191 15192 15193 15195 15200 15202 15203 15204 15214 15218 15219 15220 15232 15237 15246 15263 15266 15271 15281 15287 15301 15305 15306 15307 15313 15316 15323 15402 15403 15488 15491 15501 15502 15520 15521 15522 15525 15526 15527 15528 15529 15535 15538 15544 15876 15877 15878 15880 15883 15888 15889 15890 15896 15900 15902 15904 15911 15920 16004 32215 32220 32222 32223 32244 32245 32251 32252 32254 32593 32597 32599 32603 32605 32606 32607 32625 32633 32635 32636 32638 32725 32726 32727 32732 32733 32734 32757 32759https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/147/119?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/147/119/table1Kepler Objects of Interest (KOI), Kepler Eclipsing Binaries (KEB), and Ground-based Eclipsing Binaries (GEB) propertiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeSource type (KOI, KEB, or GEB) (1)src.classcharKOI? Number of the Kepler Object of Interestmeta.id;meta.mainfloatnullableprimaryFPmeta.ref.urlcharKEB? Kepler-based Eclipsing Binary identifiermeta.idlongnullablen_KEBPrimary or secondary eclipse (G1)meta.notecharGEBGround-based Eclipsing Binary identifiermeta.idcharn_GEBPrimary or secondary eclipse (G1)meta.notecharKIC? Kepler Input Catalog identifier (V/133)meta.idlongnullablePerPerioddtime.perioddoubleBJDBarycentric Julian Date of minimum (BJD-2400000)dtime.epochdoubleDepth? Eclipse depth(10-6)phys.absorption.opticalDepthintnullableKpmag? Kepler magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableRAhHour of Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainMod0[2/24]? Season 0 module numbermeta.numberintnullableOut0[1/4]? Season 0 output numbermeta.numberintnullableRow0[2/1080]? Season 0 row numbermeta.numberintnullableCol0[7/1111]? Season 0 column numbermeta.numberintnullableKCatDisplay the results from previous Kepler catalogsmeta.numberintnullableB11Display the data from Borucki et al. 2011 (cat. J/ApJ/736/19)meta.numberintnullableS11Display the data from Slawson et al. 2011 (cat. J/AJ/142/160)meta.numberintnullableJ/AJ/147/119/table2The 685 False Positive (FP) KOIs, parents, and propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintContContamination mechanism (1)meta.notecharKOIFalse Positive Kepler Object of Interest numbermeta.id;meta.mainfloatKICFalse Positive Kepler Input Catalog numbermeta.idlongPNameName of the most likely parent (we refer to the contaminating source as the "parent")meta.id.assoccharn_PNamePrimary or secondary eclipse (G1)meta.notecharPKICKIC number of the most likely parentmeta.id.assoclongPDisplay the properties on Table1 for the most likely parentmeta.ref.urlcharP1:P2Period ratio (fraction)time.periodcharDist[2/43000] Distance between the objectsarcsecpos.angDistancefloatoXOffset in row between the objects (R1-R2)pixinstr.saturationintoYOffset in column between the objects (C1-C2)pixinstr.saturationintKpmagKepler magnitude of the most likely parentmagphot.mag;em.optfloatdmagMagnitude difference between the KOI and the most likely parentmagmeta.id.parent;phot.mag;arith.difffloatD2/D1Depth ratio (D2/D1) of the KOI and the most likely parentphot.flux.density;arith.ratiodoubleF[0/3] Unique situation flag (2)meta.code.errorintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main