J/AJ/146/120ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/146/120doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51460120CDSLister M.L.Aller M.F.Aller H.D.Homan D.C.Kellermann K.I.,Kovalev Y.Y.Pushkarev A.B.Richards J.L.Ros E.Savolainen T.2017-09-22T16:15:55Z2014-07-30T07:28:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleibl-lacertae-objectsquasarsradio-sourcesproper-motionsredshiftedradio-continuum-emissionWe describe the parsec-scale kinematics of 200 active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets based on 15GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data obtained between 1994 August 31 and 2011 May 1. We present new VLBA 15 GHz images of these and 59 additional AGNs from the MOJAVE and 2cm Survey programs. Nearly all of the 60 most heavily observed jets show significant changes in their innermost position angle over a 12-16yr interval, ranging from 10{deg} to 150{deg} on the sky, corresponding to intrinsic variations of ~0.5{deg} to ~2{deg}. The BL Lac jets show smaller variations than quasars. Roughly half of the heavily observed jets show systematic position angle trends with time, and 20 show indications of oscillatory behavior. The time spans of the data sets are too short compared to the fitted periods (5-12yr), however, to reliably establish periodicity. The rapid changes and large jumps in position angle seen in many cases suggest that the superluminal AGN jet features occupy only a portion of the entire jet cross section and may be energized portions of thin instability structures within the jet. We have derived vector proper motions for 887 moving features in 200 jets having at least five VLBA epochs. For 557 well-sampled features, there are sufficient data to additionally study possible accelerations. We find that the moving features are generally non-ballistic, with 70% of the well-sampled features showing either significant accelerations or non-radial motions. Inward motions are rare (2% of all features), are slow (<0.1mas/yr), are more prevalent in BL Lac jets, and are typically found within 1mas of the unresolved core feature. There is a general trend of increasing apparent speed with distance down the jet for both radio galaxies and BL Lac objects. In most jets, the speeds of the features cluster around a characteristic value, yet there is a considerable dispersion in the distribution. Orientation variations within the jet cannot fully account for the dispersion, implying that the features have a range of Lorentz factor and/or pattern speed. Very slow pattern speed features are rare, comprising only 4% of the sample, and are more prevalent in radio galaxy and BL Lac jets. We confirm a previously reported upper envelope to the distribution of speed versus beamed luminosity for moving jet features. Below 10^26^W/Hz there is a fall-off in maximum speed with decreasing 15GHz radio luminosity. The general shape of the envelope implies that the most intrinsically powerful AGN jets have a wide range of Lorentz factors up to ~40, while intrinsically weak jets are only mildly relativistic.2013AJ....146..120Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/146/120CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/258 : Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (13th Ed.) (Veron+ 2010)J/A+A/538/A26 : BL Lac objects beyond z=1.3 (Rau+, 2012J/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)J/A+A/545/A113 : MOJAVE IX. Core shift effects (Pushkarev+, 2012)J/AJ/144/105 : MOJAVE. VIII. Faraday rotation in AGN jets. (Hovatta+, 2012)J/ApJ/742/27 : 15GHz and jet properties of MOJAVE blazars (Lister+, 2011)J/ApJ/722/L7 : Fermi/LAT detected MOJAVE AGNs (Pushkarev+, 2010)J/ApJ/710/764 : Extended radio emission in MOJAVE blazars (Kharb+, 2010)J/ApJ/706/1253 : MOJAVE VII. Blazar jet acceleration (Homan+, 2009)J/AJ/138/1874 : MOJAVE. VI. Kinematic analysis of blazar jets (Lister+, 2009)J/AJ/137/3718 : 15GHz monitoring of AGN jets with VLBA (Lister+, 2009)J/AJ/136/580 : Sixth VLBA calibrator survey: VCS6 (Petrov+, 2008)J/ApJS/171/376 : MOJAVE. III. VLA 1.4GHz images (Cooper+, 2007)J/AJ/133/1236 : Fifth VLBA calibrator survey: VCS5 (Kovalev+, 2007)J/AJ/131/1262 : AGN jets circular polarization images at 15GHz (Homan+, 2006)J/AJ/131/1872 : Fourth VLBA calibrator survey: VCS4 (Petrov+, 2006)J/AJ/130/1389 : Linear polarization of AGN jets at 15GHz (Lister+, 2005)J/AJ/130/1418 : AGN jet kinematics (Jorstad+, 2005)J/AJ/129/1163 : Third VLBA calibrator survey: VCS3 (Petrov+, 2005)J/ApJ/609/539 : Kinematics of parsec-scale radio jets (Kellermann+, 2004)J/AJ/126/2562 : Second VLBA calibrator survey: VCS2 (Fomalont+, 2003)J/ApJS/141/13 : VLBA calibrator survey: VCS1 catalog (Beasley+, 2002)http://archive.nrao.edu/ : NRAO archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/146/120https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/146/120http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/146/120https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/146/120https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/146/120http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/146/120GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/146/120/table1 (General properties of AGNs in the combined samples)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/146/120/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/146/120/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/146/120/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.488230838.33754140.0055555555555555566/18 100 514 532 556 579 911 1085 1154 1263 1509 1546 1701 1702 1782 2143 2214 2228 2280 2295 2414 2721 2836 3024 3096 3309 3431 3675 3820 3886 4285 4695 4770 4820 5162 5423 5448 5546 5597 5693 5767 5817 5848 6018 6067 6088 6164 6252 6368 6496 6507 6641 6777 6822 6853 6984 7045 7389 7426 7570 7896 7969 8031 8220 8299 8466 8487 8615 8717 8915 9075 9442 9460 9545 9612 9632 9633 9676 9723 10163 10249 10422 10548 11212 11430 11631 11649 11715 11845 12047 12241 12352 12475 12580 12604 12619 13230 13320 13352 13410 13496 13693 13820 13927 14338 14608 14641 14737 14744 14854 15023 15067 15211 15286 15494 15936 15969 16027 16049 16059 16093 16281 16298 16301 16720 16971 17184 17351 17364 17414 17579 17857 18005 18035 18037 18378 18457 18506 18624 18661 18669 19088 19101 19190 19271 19370 19398 19567 19593 19622 19831 20099 20141 20468 20777 20935 21121 21266 21358 21437 21564 21758 21768 21924 21935 21960 21968 21972 22363 22375 22396 22658 22917 22950 23015 23099 23121 23127 23323 23416 23691 23897 24084 24571 24845 25016 25196 25255 25302 25630 25649 25742 25818 25864 26131 26292 26303 26340 26491 26898 26900 27060 27243 27310 27417 27423 27433 27765 28083 28117 28479 28492 28517 29016 29570 29675 29714 29772 31399 31430 31451 31559 31663 31664 31894 32261 32311 32660 32764 34675 35706 35786 36058 36090 36151 36554 36785 38763 40527 40730 40762 42901 42980 44147 44247 44730 44805 44908 46963 46964 48023 48123 48595 48798 48846 48965 490719.939104355462015e-24 9.939104355462015e-24https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/146/120?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/AJ/146/120/table4Fitted jet componentsfSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name (HHMM+DDd, B1950)meta.id.part;meta.maincharComp[0/56] Component identification number (1)meta.id.part;meta.mainintf_Comp[a] Individual component epoch not used in kinematic fitsmeta.codecharNobsNumber of observations for this componentmeta.numberintnullableDateDate of VLBA observationtime.epochnullableFI? Flux density of component (at 15GHz)Jyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullablen_FI[N] Note on FI (in notes.dat file)meta.notecharOff? Position offset of component (2)maspos;arith.difffloatnullablePA? Position angle of component (3)degpos.posAngfloatnullablea? FWHM major axis of fitted Gaussianmasphys.angSize;meta.modelledfloatnullableb/a[0/1]? Axial ratio of fitted Gaussianphys.angSize;arith.ratiofloatnullablePAm[0/360] Major axis position angle of fitted Gaussiandegpos.posAngintR[YN] Robust component flag (Y=Yes, N=No)meta.code.error;pos.cartesian.ycharJ/AJ/146/120/table3Summary of 15 GHz image parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name (HHMM+DDd, B1950)meta.id;meta.maincharObsDateDate of Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observationtime.epochnullableCodeVLBA experiment codeinstr.setupcharn_Code[ab] Configuration peculiarity (1)meta.notecharFreq[15.1/15.4] Observing frequencyGHzem.freqfloataFWHM major axis of restoring beammasphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatbFWHM minor axis of restoring beammasphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatPA[-88/89] Position angle of major restoring beam axisdegpos.posAng;instr.beamintItot[0.049/27.629] Total flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatrmsRMS noise level of image (in mJy/beam)mJyinstr.det.noise;obs.imagefloatIbaseLowest I contour (in mJy/beam)mJyinstr.sensitivityfloatFigFigure number (2.1 to 2.1753)meta.idcharprimaryJ/AJ/146/120/table5Kinematic fit properties of jet componentsaSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name (HHMM+DDd, B1950)meta.id.part;meta.maincharComp[1/49] Component identification numbermeta.id.part;meta.mainintf_Comp[d] Component has a slow pattern speedmeta.codecharNep[5/115] Number of fitted epochsmeta.numberint<S>[3/6994] Mean 15GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzint<R>Mean distance from core componentmaspos.angDistance;stat.meanfloat<d>? Mean projected distance from core componentpcpos.distance;stat.meanfloatnullable<PA>Mean position angle <{theta}> with respect to core componentdegpos.posAng;stat.meanfloatPAPosition angle {phi} of velocity vectordegphys.veloc;pos.posAngfloate_PAUncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatf_PA[c? ] Component shows significant inward motion (1)meta.codecharOffOffset between <PA> and PA |<{theta}>-{phi}|degpos.posAngfloate_OffUncertainty in Offdegstat.errorfloatn_Off[b? ] Component shows significant non-radial motion (1)meta.notecharpmAngular proper motionuarcsec/yrpos.pmfloate_pmUncertainty in pmuarcsec/yrstat.errorfloatn_pm[a] Component shows significant accelerated motionmeta.notecharbeta? Fitted speed {beta} in units of light speedcphys.veloc;arith.difffloatnullablee_beta? Uncertainty in betacstat.errorfloatnullableTej[1931/2011]? Fitted ejection dateyrtime.epoch;meta.modelleddoublenullablee_Tej? Uncertainty in Tejyrstat.errorfloatnullableTmid[1996/2011] Date of reference (middle) epoch used for fityrtime.epochfloateRARight Ascension error of individual epoch positionsuarcsecstat.errorinteDEDeclination error of individual epoch positionsuarcsecstat.errorintJ/AJ/146/120/table6Acceleration fit properties of jet componentspmPAProper motion position angledegpos.pm;pos.posAngfloate_pmPAUncertainty in pmRAdegstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name (HHMM+DDd, B1950)meta.id.part;meta.maincharComp[1/48] Component identification numbermeta.id.part;meta.mainintf_CompComponent shows significant accelerated motionmeta.codecharpmAngular proper motion {mu}uarcsec/yrpos.pmfloate_pmUncertainty in pmuarcsec/yrstat.errorfloatdpm1Angular acceleration perpendicular to velocity direction (d{mu}/dt)_{perp}_uarcsec.yr**-2phys.accelerationfloate_dpm1Uncertainty in dpm1uarcsec.yr**-2stat.errorfloatdpm2Angular acceleration parallel to velocity direction (d{mu}/dt)_{parallel}_uarcsec.yr**-2phys.accelerationfloate_dpm2Uncertainty in dpm2uarcsec.yr**-2stat.errorfloata1? Relative acceleration in direction perpendicular to fitted velocity vector (1)yr**-1phys.accelerationfloatnullablee_a1? Uncertainty in a1yr**-1stat.errorfloatnullablea2? Relative acceleration in direction (1) parallel to fitted velocity vectoryr**-1phys.accelerationfloatnullablee_a2? Uncertainty in a2yr**-1stat.errorfloatnullableJ/AJ/146/120/notesNotesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIAU name (HHMM+DDd, B1950)meta.id;meta.maincharTextText of note on individual sourcesmeta.noteJ/AJ/146/120/refsReferencesRefReferencemeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBibCodeBibliographic codemeta.bib.bibcodecharJ/AJ/146/120/table1General properties of AGNs in the combined samplesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNameSource name (HHMM+DDd, B1950)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_Name[a] Indicates a known TeV emitter (1)meta.notecharONameAlternate namemeta.idchar2FGLName in the 2FGL catalog (JHHMM.m+DDMM) (2)meta.id.crosscharz[0.00436/3.396]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullabler_zReference for z and O; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharOOptical classification (3)src.classcharNimNumber of images in table3 for this AGNmeta.numberintnullableNfNumber of components with kinematic fit (in table5 and table6)meta.numberintnullableNcTotal number of component observations (table4)meta.numberintnullableSampleSample membership (4)meta.code.member;src.samplecharPPDisplay the data from previous papers (V and VI, Lister et al. 2009, J/AJ/137/3718, J/AJ/138/1874)meta.numberintnullableL11Display the data from Lister et al. 2011, J/ApJ/742/27meta.numberintnullableVCSSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main