J/AJ/145/94ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/145/94doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51450094CDSDunham M.M.Arce H.G.Allen L.E.Evans II N.J.Broekhoven-Fiene H.,Chapman N.L.Cieza L.A.Gutermuth R.A.Harvey P.M.Hatchell J.,Huard T.L.Kirk J.M.Matthews B.C.Merin B.Miller J.F.Peterson D.E.,Spezzi L.2014-05-14T13:29:11Z2014-04-24T13:10:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudsyoung-stellar-objectsextinctionmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyinfrared-sourcesMotivated by the long-standing "luminosity problem" in low-mass star formation whereby protostars are underluminous compared to theoretical expectations, we identify 230 protostars in 18 molecular clouds observed by two Spitzer Space Telescope Legacy surveys of nearby star-forming regions. We compile complete spectral energy distributions, calculate L_bol_ for each source, and study the protostellar luminosity distribution. This distribution extends over three orders of magnitude, from 0.01L_{sun}_ to 69L_{sun}_, and has a mean and median of 4.3L_{sun}_ and 1.3L_{sun}_, respectively. The distributions are very similar for Class 0 and Class I sources except for an excess of low luminosity (L_bol_<~0.5L_{sun}_) Class I sources compared to Class 0. 100 out of the 230 protostars (43%) lack any available data in the far-infrared and submillimeter (70{mu}m<{lambda}<850{mu}m) and have L_bol_ underestimated by factors of 2.5 on average, and up to factors of 8-10 in extreme cases. Correcting these underestimates for each source individually once additional data becomes available will likely increase both the mean and median of the sample by 35%-40%. We discuss and compare our results to several recent theoretical studies of protostellar luminosities and show that our new results do not invalidate the conclusions of any of these studies. As these studies demonstrate that there is more than one plausible accretion scenario that can match observations, future attention is clearly needed. The better statistics provided by our increased data set should aid such future work.2013AJ....145...94Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/145/94CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/144/31 : Spitzer+2MASS phot. of protostar candidates (Kryukova+, 2012)J/A+A/527/A145 : Chamaeleon I 870um sources (Belloche+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/43 : YSOs candidates and knots in CrA cloud (Peterson+, 2011)J/A+A/535/A2 : Chamaeleon III 870um sources maps (Belloche+, 2011)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/ApJ/714/778 : YSOs in the Serpens Molecular Cloud (Oliveira+, 2010)J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/691/672 : YSOs spectroscopy in Serpens molecular cloud (Oliveira+ 2009)J/ApJS/185/198 : The Cepheus flare observed with IRAC and MIPS (Kirk+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJ/684/1240 : Prestellar cores in Perseus, Serpens, Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2008)J/ApJ/680/495 : Survey of Interstellar clouds in Gould belt (Harvey+, 2008)J/ApJS/177/551 : Spitzer c2d survey of Lupus dark clouds (Merin+, 2008)J/ApJ/676/427 : MIPS and IRAC data on ChaII PMS stars (Alcala+, 2008)J/ApJ/663/1149 : Spitzer survey of Serpens YSO population (Harvey+, 2007)J/AJ/133/1560 : Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores (Wu+, 2007)J/ApJ/638/293 : 1.1mm sources in the Perseus Molecular Cloud (Enoch+, 2006)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/145/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/145/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/145/94https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/145/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/145/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/145/94GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/145/94/table2 (List of protostars and basic properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/145/94/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/145/94/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/145/94/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true277.272083-1.6991670.0055555555555555566/857 858 859 860 862 881 1231 1538 1539 1542 1606 14052 14053 15816 15964 15965 16129 16131 16191 16196 16197 29367 30341 30343 30352 30363 30366 30741 30821 36956 36957 41132 42611 42614 42727 42970 42981 42992 47742 47828https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/145/94?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/AJ/145/94/table2List of protostars and basic propertiesSeq[1/230] Protostar running sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryCloudCloud in which the protostar is located (1)meta.id.parentcharNameProtostar Spitzer name (JHHMMSSs+DDMMSSs) (2)meta.idcharAV[0/30] Extinction in V-band (used for dereddening; see Section 2.3 for more details)magphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatalpha? Observed infrared spectral index ({alpha})spect.index;em.IRfloatnullableTbol[7/2700] Observed bolometric temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintLbol[0.0076/69] Observed bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatalpha0? Infrared spectral index ({alpha}_0_ corrected for extinction)spect.indexfloatnullableTbol0Bolometric temperature (corrected for extinction)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintLbol0Bolometric luminosity (corrected for extinction)solLumphys.luminosityfloatF[YN] Existence of far-IR/sub-mm data (3)meta.codechar_RAPosition from Spitzer name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Spitzer name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main